Arsoy Dilek
Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Jan;52(1):71-78. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01990-3. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
This study describes the results of a farm-based welfare assessment, herd management, and some yield indicators in Northern Cyprus dairy goat farms. Out of 324 intensive milk goat farms which produce goats, only the 42 goat farms which had 7950 heads were chosen by random sampling in Northern Cyprus (2016), and face-to-face questionnaires and observations were conducted to collect data. Regarding the breeding techniques in these farms, of all the goats in these farms, 45.2% were cross-breed, 38.1% were Damascus, 11.9% were Saanen, and 4.8% were hair goats. The average of the total number of animals was 211.38 ± 209 heads. The average number of pens and the number of animals per pen in the farms, which had 2 to 5 pens, were 67 ± 49.5 heads. The barn types of these farms were observed to be semi-open and nearly open (95%). 45.5% of the farms made a single milking in a day. The most significant reason for this was that the suckling of the kids lasted 3 months or more in 73.8% of the farms. Natural random mating was applied to 69% of the farms. The 45.2% of the farms applied additional feeding before the mating season. The rate of multiple births was 24.76%. The mortality rate in kids was greater than 10% in the 57% of farms examined. The 75% of kids had diarrhea, 33% had umbilicus infections, and 33% suffered from respiratory problems. Among the adult goats of the surveyed farms, the most important problem was external parasites (100%). The second and third problems were overgrown claws (80.9%) and common abscesses (80.95%). Regarding the biosecurity indicators, the general disinfection percentage of farms was 78.57%. However, veterinarian controls were conducted only in the 26.9% of the farms on a regular basis. In these farms, there was no significant difference between the breeds regarding their breeding and reproduction techniques or health indicators. The entrance of the farms carries a high risk for biosecurity. Heat stress is quite important factor for the milk quality.
本研究描述了北塞浦路斯奶山羊养殖场基于农场的福利评估、畜群管理及一些产量指标的结果。在北塞浦路斯324个集约化奶山羊养殖场中，通过随机抽样选取了42个养殖场（共7950头山羊）（2016年），并通过面对面问卷调查和观察来收集数据。关于这些养殖场的繁殖技术，在所有山羊中，45.2%为杂交品种，38.1%为大马士革山羊，11.9%为萨能山羊，4.8%为毛用山羊。动物总数的平均值为211.38±209头。拥有2至5个畜栏的养殖场，畜栏平均数量及每个畜栏的动物数量为67±49.5头。观察发现这些养殖场的畜舍类型为半开放式和近开放式（95%）。45.5%的养殖场每天进行一次挤奶。最主要的原因是73.8%的养殖场中羔羊哺乳期持续3个月或更长时间。69%的养殖场采用自然随机交配。45.2%的养殖场在交配季节前进行额外喂养。多胞胎出生率为24.76%。在接受检查的养殖场中，57%的养殖场羔羊死亡率高于10%。75%的羔羊患有腹泻，33%患有脐部感染，33%患有呼吸道问题。在接受调查的养殖场成年山羊中，最重要的问题是体外寄生虫（100%）。第二和第三个问题是爪子过长（80.9%）和常见脓肿（80.95%）。关于生物安全指标，养殖场的总体消毒率为78.57%。然而，只有26.9%的养殖场定期接受兽医检查。在这些养殖场中，不同品种在繁殖和生殖技术或健康指标方面没有显著差异。养殖场入口处存在较高的生物安全风险。热应激是影响牛奶质量的一个相当重要的因素。
