Distribution of patients between faculty and residents in a teaching hospital clinic.

The authors tried to determine whether housestaff are systematically assigned clinic patients who are more "difficult": the elderly, the poor, those with many problems, and those who cannot speak English. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of a university health care insurance. A systematic sample of 1,870 patient visits to the medical clinic from 1980 to 1986 was studied. Housestaff were more likely to see patients who did not speak English, who had four or more medical problems, who had visited the clinic five or more times, who had been admitted to the hospital or emergency ward, or who had a skin problem. Multivariate analysis of these individual factors, allowing for the effect of each upon the others, showed that only previous hospital or emergency ward admission, native language, and skin disease retained a significant association with housestaff physicians. None of these factors was strongly associated with physician status, as shown by poor predictive accuracy when the multivariate models were used to predict accuracy when the multivariate models were used to predict physician status in 105 patient visits in 1987. While some factors were statistically associated with physician status, the magnitude of the effect of each was small. An explantation, other than bias in patient assignment, was usually apparent. It is possible to organize an outpatient clinic where housestaff care for patients who are similar to those seen by faculty.