Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Inflamm Res. 2019 Oct;68(10):825-839. doi: 10.1007/s00011-019-01271-7. Epub 2019 Jul 20.
Organ crosstalk can be defined as the complex and mutual biological communication between distant organs mediated by signaling factors. Normally, crosstalk helps to coordinate and maintain homeostasis, but sudden or chronic dysfunction in any organ causes dysregulation in another organ. Many signal molecules, including cytokines and growth factors, are involved in the metabolic dysregulation, and excessive or inappropriate release of these molecules leads to organ dysfunction or disease (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes).
The aim of this review is to reveal the impact of organ crosstalk on the pathogenesis of diseases associated with organ interactions and the role of inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the organ dysfunction. After searching in MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases using 'organ crosstalk' as a keyword, studies related to organ crosstalk and organ interaction were compiled and examined.
The organ crosstalk and the functional integration of organ systems are exceedingly complex processes. Organ crosstalk contributes to metabolic homeostasis and affects the inflammatory response, related pathways and fibrotic changes. As in the case of interactions between adipose tissue and intestine, stimulation of inflammatory mechanisms plays an active role in the development of diseases including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. The increased level of knowledge about the 'crosstalk' between any organ and distant organs will facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease as well as the management of the treatment practices in the short- and long-term organ dysfunction.
器官串扰可以定义为远隔器官之间通过信号因子进行的复杂而相互的生物学通讯。正常情况下，串扰有助于协调和维持内稳态，但任何器官的突然或慢性功能障碍都会导致另一个器官的失调。许多信号分子，包括细胞因子和生长因子，参与代谢失调，这些分子的过度或不适当释放会导致器官功能障碍或疾病（例如肥胖、2 型糖尿病）。
本综述的目的是揭示器官串扰对与器官相互作用相关的疾病发病机制的影响，以及炎症和纤维化变化在器官功能障碍中的作用。通过在 MEDLINE、PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中以“器官串扰”为关键词进行搜索，编译并检查了与器官串扰和器官相互作用相关的研究。
器官串扰和器官系统的功能整合是极其复杂的过程。器官串扰有助于代谢稳态，并影响炎症反应、相关途径和纤维化变化。就脂肪组织和肠道之间的相互作用而言，炎症机制的刺激在包括胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、2 型糖尿病和肝脂肪变性在内的疾病的发展中发挥着积极作用。对任何器官与远隔器官之间的“串扰”的更多了解将有助于早期诊断疾病，并在短期和长期器官功能障碍中管理治疗实践。
