Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Agromedicine. 2019 Oct;24(4):405-423. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2019.1639574. Epub 2019 Jul 21.
: Aquaculture encompasses a variety of species in both freshwater and marine settings and can combine elements of agriculture and fishing, two recognized hazardous occupations. Efforts are underway to expand the aquaculture sector in the United States (U.S.), and should be informed by occupational safety and health (OSH) research. The objectives of this review paper are to: i) describe the U.S. aquaculture sector, ii) summarize statistics, peer-reviewed studies, and reports focused on U.S. aquaculture OSH, and iii) describe the policy landscape specific to U.S. aquaculture OSH.: Literature searches employed databases and Internet search engines to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports, and other resources. Due to the expected U.S. expansion of marine aquaculture and paucity of peer-reviewed U.S.-based OSH literature in this sector, additional searches for international research on marine aquaculture were conducted.: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated high rates of illness and injury among U.S. aquaculture workers in 2014 and 2015. Peer-reviewed literature on aquaculture OSH identified numerous physical, chemical, and biological OSH risks depending on production methods and settings. Significant policy gaps exist regarding U.S. aquaculture OSH surveillance, reporting, and regulation.: This review identifies a critical need for research, surveillance, and best practices information, specific to the major types of aquaculture in the U.S., to augment and inform worker safety and health efforts in this expanding sector.
水产养殖涵盖了淡水和海水环境中的多种物种，可以结合农业和渔业的元素，这两个行业被认为是危险的职业。美国正在努力扩大水产养殖部门，这应该以职业安全与健康 (OSH) 研究为依据。本文的目的是：i）描述美国的水产养殖部门，ii）总结美国水产养殖 OSH 的统计数据、同行评议研究和报告，以及 iii）描述美国水产养殖 OSH 的政策情况。文献检索使用数据库和互联网搜索引擎来识别相关的同行评议文章、报告和其他资源。由于预计美国将扩大海水养殖，而该领域缺乏基于美国的同行评议 OSH 文献，因此对海水养殖的国际研究进行了额外搜索。美国劳工统计局估计，2014 年和 2015 年美国水产养殖工人的发病率和受伤率较高。关于水产养殖 OSH 的同行评议文献根据生产方法和环境确定了许多物理、化学和生物 OSH 风险。美国水产养殖 OSH 监测、报告和法规存在重大政策差距。这项审查确定了对研究、监测和最佳实践信息的迫切需求，这些信息具体针对美国主要类型的水产养殖，以增加和告知这个不断扩大的部门的工人安全和健康工作。
