Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
Occupational Medicine Division, and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research (CEOHR), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Occup Environ Med. 2020 Jan;77(1):15-18. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105753. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
A scoping project was funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017 on the health and safety of aquaculture workers. This project developed a template covering basic types of aquaculture production, health and safety hazards and risks, and related data on injuries and occupational ill health, regulations, social welfare conditions, and labour and industry activity in the sector. Profiles using the template were then produced for key aquaculture regions and nations across the globe where information could be obtained. These revealed both the scale and depth of occupational safety and health (OSH) challenges in terms of data gaps, a lack of or poor risk assessment and management, inadequate monitoring and regulation, and limited information generally about aquaculture OSH. Risks are especially high for offshore/marine aquaculture workers. Good practice as well as barriers to improving aquaculture OSH were noted. The findings from the profiles were brought together in an analysis of current knowledge on injury and work-related ill health, standards and regulation, non-work socioeconomic factors affecting aquaculture OSH, and the role of labour and industry in dealing with aquaculture OSH challenges. Some examples of governmental and labour, industry and non-governmental organisation good practice were identified. Some databases on injury and disease in the sector and research initiatives that solved problems were noted. However, there are many challenges especially in rural and remote areas across Asia but also in the northern hemisphere that need to be addressed. Action now is possible based on the knowledge available, with further research an important but secondary objective.
2017 年，粮农组织资助开展了水产养殖工人健康与安全问题范围界定项目。该项目制定了涵盖水产养殖基本生产类型、健康与安全危害和风险，以及与水产养殖行业伤害和职业健康不良相关数据的模板，涵盖了有关法规、社会福利条件、劳工和行业活动的信息。随后，利用该模板为全球主要水产养殖地区和国家制作了简介，在这些地区和国家可以获取相关信息。这些简介揭示了水产养殖职业安全与健康（OSH）挑战的规模和深度，具体表现在数据空白、风险评估和管理不善或缺乏、监测和监管不力，以及一般来说水产养殖 OSH 信息有限等方面。近海/海洋水产养殖工人面临的风险尤其高。报告记录了良好做法以及改善水产养殖 OSH 的障碍。这些简介的结果汇集在一起，用于分析水产养殖行业伤害和与工作相关的健康不良的现有知识、标准和法规、影响水产养殖 OSH 的非工作社会经济因素，以及劳工和行业在应对水产养殖 OSH 挑战方面的作用。确定了一些政府、劳工、行业和非政府组织的良好做法示例。还注意到了该行业伤害和疾病的一些数据库以及解决问题的研究举措。然而，特别是在亚洲的农村和偏远地区，但也包括北半球，仍存在许多挑战需要解决。现在可以根据现有知识采取行动，进一步研究是重要但次要的目标。
