a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.
b Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.
Chronobiol Int. 2019 Sep;36(9):1285-1300. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1641111. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
Evening-oriented sleep timing preferences have been associated with risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, psychiatric disorders, and increased mortality. This research aims to explore the relationship between diurnal preferences (chronotype), daily habits, metabolic health, and mortality, using longitudinal data from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age (6375 participants at inception, recruited in the North of England) with a long follow-up period (up to 35.5 years). Mixed models were used to investigate the influence of aging, socio-demographic, and seasonal factors on sleep timing. Results show that sleep timing shifted towards earlier time with aging. Test seasons influence chronotype of older adults but working schedules challenge seasonality of sleep timing. Moreover, the season of birth may set chronotype in adulthood. Individual chronotype trajectories were clustered using latent class analysis and analyzed against metabolic health and mortality. We observed a higher risk of hypertension in the evening-type cluster compared to morning-type individuals (Odds ratio = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.02/3.47, = .04). Evening-type cluster was also associated with traits related to lower health such as reduced sport participation, increased risk of depression and psychoticism personality, late eating, and increased smoking and alcohol usage. Finally, Cox regression of proportional hazards was used to study the effects of chronotype on longevity after adjusting for sleep duration, age, gender, smoking, alcohol usage, general health, and social class. The survival analysis (82.6% censored by death) revealed that evening-type chronotype increased the likelihood of mortality (Hazard ratio = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.04/1.26, = .005). Taken together, chronotype is influenced by aging and seasonal effects. Evening-type preference may have detrimental outcomes for human well-being and longevity.
夜间型睡眠偏好与糖尿病、心血管疾病、肥胖、精神障碍和死亡率增加有关。本研究旨在使用来自曼彻斯特大学认知正常健康老年纵向研究（6375 名参与者在英格兰北部入组）的纵向数据，探索昼夜节律（生物钟类型）、日常习惯、代谢健康和死亡率之间的关系，该研究随访时间长（长达 35.5 年）。混合模型用于研究衰老、社会人口统计学和季节性因素对睡眠时间的影响。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，睡眠时间逐渐提前。测试季节会影响老年人的生物钟类型，但工作时间表会挑战睡眠时间的季节性。此外，出生季节可能会影响成年后的生物钟类型。使用潜在类别分析对个体生物钟轨迹进行聚类，并分析其与代谢健康和死亡率的关系。我们观察到，与晨型个体相比，夜间型个体患高血压的风险更高（优势比=1.88，95%置信区间=1.02/3.47， =.04）。夜间型个体还与健康状况较差的特征有关，如运动参与减少、抑郁和精神病人格风险增加、进食时间晚、吸烟和饮酒增加。最后，使用比例风险 Cox 回归调整睡眠时长、年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、总体健康和社会阶层后，研究生物钟类型对长寿的影响。生存分析（82.6%因死亡而被删失）显示，夜间型生物钟增加了死亡率的可能性（风险比=1.15，95%置信区间=1.04/1.26， =.005）。综上所述，生物钟类型受衰老和季节性影响。夜间型偏好可能对人类健康和长寿产生不利影响。
