Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Child Neuropsychol. 2020 Feb;26(2):189-218. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1642316. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
The study aims to establish demographically corrected, pediatric norms for the computerized Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) test, a measure of "visual matching ability and short-term visual recognition memory, for non-verbalisable problems". The DMS was administered to = 184 children aged 5.10 to 14.5 years old. The DMS is a 4-choice recognition task of non-verbal, abstract patterns. The child has "to select, among four different choice patterns, the one that matches a complex visual pattern presented," i.e., (the target stimulus). The DMS consists of two conditions: a) the overt condition in which the target stimulus and four choice patterns are shown simultaneously and b) the covert condition, in which the choice patterns are shown after the target pattern is covered. The DMS test provides three outcome measures: the accuracy score (i.e., the number of correct patterns selected), latency (i.e., the response speed) and the probability of making an error after an incorrect response. These outcome measures were calculated for both conditions and for both conditions combined. Results showed that demographic variables, such as age, sex, and/or level of parental education (LPE) affected scores on these outcome measures. Based on these data, demographically corrected norms were established for all outcome measures, per condition and for both conditions combined.
本研究旨在建立经过人口统计学校正的儿童计算机化延迟匹配样本（DMS）测试的常模，该测试用于衡量“针对无法用言语表达的问题的视觉匹配能力和短期视觉识别记忆”。该 DMS 测试对 184 名年龄在 5.10 至 14.5 岁的儿童进行了测试。DMS 是一种 4 选择的非言语、抽象模式识别任务。儿童需要“从四个不同的选择模式中，选择与呈现的复杂视觉模式相匹配的一个”，即（目标刺激）。DMS 有两种条件：a）外显条件，其中目标刺激和四个选择模式同时呈现；b）内隐条件，其中在目标模式被覆盖后呈现选择模式。DMS 测试提供了三种结果衡量指标：准确性得分（即正确选择的模式数量）、潜伏期（即反应速度）和在错误反应后犯错的概率。这些结果衡量指标是针对两种条件和两种条件的组合分别计算的。结果表明，人口统计学变量，如年龄、性别和/或父母教育水平（LPE），会影响这些结果衡量指标的得分。基于这些数据，为所有结果衡量指标建立了经过人口统计学校正的常模，包括每种条件和两种条件的组合。
