El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal. Carretera Panamericana y Periférico sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, 29290, Mexico.
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera a Reforma km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, 2(a) Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco, 86280, Mexico.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Oct 15;248:109260. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109260. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
Strategies that integrate conservation and development objectives are increasingly common, albeit still controversial, at the global scale. There are information gaps regarding their overall reach and sustainability through an integral assessment approach. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to design a Methodological Framework of Sustainability Evaluation (MFSE) that could be applied to the assessment of conservation and development strategies; and 2) to apply this MFSE in an empirical exercise with management units for wildlife conservation (UMAs, by its Spanish acronym), a major environmental policy in Mexico. The UMAs confer legal rights to landowners for the exploitation of wildlife and protection of ecosystems. The MFSE had five hierarchical levels (three sustainability dimensions, general and specific criteria, indicators and metrics), which are grouped into a Sustainability Index (SI). Data was collected from official databases, structured interviews with official managers and landowners, and field observations in six UMAs in Tabasco, Mexico. According to the findings, the SI in the social dimension showed the highest values, followed by the environmental and economic dimensions. The key aspects for sustainability in the six UMAs are: 1) local governance norms, 2) active participation and interinstitutional linkage, 3) capacity for initial economic investment and long-term vision and 4) project liability and appropriation from their design. Free-ranging and intensive UMAs pose different objectives, since the former are focused on the management and conservation of ecosystems where the species of interest are found, while the latter are focused on species-based management, mostly those of economic interest. For this reason, they may require separate governmental appraisal as different management systems.
在全球范围内，兼顾保护和发展目标的策略越来越普遍，尽管仍存在争议。通过综合评估方法，这些策略的整体范围和可持续性存在信息差距。因此，本研究的目的是：1）设计一个可持续性评估方法框架（MFSE），可应用于保护和发展策略的评估；2）将该 MFSE 应用于墨西哥主要环境政策——野生动物保护管理区（UMAs）的实证研究。UMAs 赋予土地所有者开发野生动物和保护生态系统的合法权利。MFSE 有五个层次（三个可持续性维度、一般和具体标准、指标和衡量标准），分为可持续性指数（SI）。数据来自官方数据库、对官方管理者和土地所有者的结构化访谈以及墨西哥塔巴斯科州六个 UMA 的实地观察。结果表明，社会维度的 SI 值最高，其次是环境和经济维度。六个 UMA 可持续性的关键方面是：1）地方治理规范，2）积极参与和机构间联系，3）初始经济投资和长期愿景的能力，以及 4）项目责任和从设计开始的占用。自由放养和集约型 UMA 具有不同的目标，因为前者侧重于管理和保护包含目标物种的生态系统，而后者则侧重于基于物种的管理，主要是那些具有经济利益的物种。因此，它们可能需要单独的政府评估，作为不同的管理系统。
