Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 21;11(7):1668. doi: 10.3390/nu11071668.
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), the most common sensory deficit in the elderly, is associated with enormous social and public health burdens. Emerging evidence has suggested that obesity and comorbidities might increase the risk of ARHI. However, no reviews have been published that address the role of nutritional interventions for obesity and comorbidities in the prevention of ARHI.
A PubMed database search was conducted to identify the relationship between obesity and ARHI. "Obesity", "metabolic syndrome", "adipose-derived hormone", "fatty acid", and "age-related hearing impairment" were included as keywords.
A total of 89 articles was analyzed with 39 articles of relevance to ARHI. A high-fat diet may induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in the inner ear. Statins have been shown to delay the progression of ARHI by improving the lipid profile, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting endothelial inflammation. Aldosterone could exert protective effects against ARHI by upregulating the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter 1 in the cochlea. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could preserve the cochlear microcirculation by reducing dyslipidemia and inhibiting inflammation. Alpha-lipoic acid and lecithin might delay the progression of ARHI by protecting cochlear mitochondrial DNA from damage due to oxidative stress. Tea and ginseng might protect against ARHI through their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects.
Nutritional interventions for obesity and comorbidities, including a low-fat diet, supplementation with statins, aldosterone, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-lipoic acids, lecithin, tea, and ginseng, may protect against the development of ARHI.
年龄相关性听力损失（ARHI）是老年人最常见的感觉缺陷，与巨大的社会和公共卫生负担有关。新出现的证据表明，肥胖和合并症可能会增加 ARHI 的风险。然而，尚未发表任何审查肥胖和合并症的营养干预在预防 ARHI 中的作用。
对 PubMed 数据库进行了搜索，以确定肥胖与 ARHI 之间的关系。将“肥胖”、“代谢综合征”、“脂肪源性激素”、“脂肪酸”和“年龄相关性听力损失”作为关键词。
共分析了 89 篇文章，其中 39 篇与 ARHI 相关。高脂肪饮食可能在内耳中引起氧化应激、线粒体损伤和细胞凋亡。他汀类药物通过改善血脂谱、减少氧化应激和抑制内皮炎症来延缓 ARHI 的进展。醛固酮通过上调耳蜗中的 Na-K-2Cl 协同转运蛋白 1 发挥对 ARHI 的保护作用。ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸通过减少血脂异常和抑制炎症来保护耳蜗微循环。α-硫辛酸和卵磷脂可能通过保护耳蜗线粒体 DNA 免受氧化应激引起的损伤来延缓 ARHI 的进展。茶和人参可能通过其抗肥胖和抗糖尿病作用来预防 ARHI。
针对肥胖和合并症的营养干预，包括低脂饮食、补充他汀类药物、醛固酮、ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸、α-硫辛酸、卵磷脂、茶和人参，可能有助于预防 ARHI 的发生。
