Stella Giulia M, Kolling Stefan, Benvenuti Silvia, Bortolotto Chandra
Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Respiratory System Diseases, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Medical School, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2019 Jul 19;11(7):1010. doi: 10.3390/cancers11071010.
Metastases from different cancer types most often affect the lung parenchyma. Moreover, the lungs are among the most frequent sites of growth of metastatic masses of uncertain/unknown lineage of origin. Thus, with regards to pulmonary neoplastic parenchymal nodules, the critical issue is to determine if they are the lung or the lung. In this review, we highlight the clinical, instrumental and molecular features which characterize lung metastases, mainly focusing on recently advancing and emerging concepts regarding the metastatic niche, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune modulation and gene expression. A novel issue is related to the analysis of biomechanical forces which cooperate in the expansion of tumor masses in the lungs. We here aim to analyze the biological, genetic and pathological features of metastatic lesions to the lungs, here referred to as site of metastatic growth. This point should be a crucial part of the algorithm for a proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the era of personalized medicine.
来自不同癌症类型的转移瘤最常累及肺实质。此外，肺是起源谱系不确定/未知的转移性肿块最常见的生长部位之一。因此，对于肺部肿瘤性实质结节，关键问题是确定它们是原发性肺癌还是转移性肺癌。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了肺转移瘤的临床、影像学和分子特征，主要关注有关转移微环境、炎症、血管生成、免疫调节和基因表达的最新进展和新兴概念。一个新的问题与对在肺部肿瘤肿块扩展过程中起协同作用的生物力学力的分析有关。我们在此旨在分析肺转移瘤（此处称为转移生长部位）的生物学、遗传学和病理学特征。在个性化医疗时代，这一点应该是正确诊断和治疗方法算法的关键部分。
