Brighi Antonella, Menin Damiano, Skrzypiec Grace, Guarini Annalisa
Faculty of Education, Campus of Bressanone, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy.
Department of Education, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 4;10:1467. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01467. eCollection 2019.
Cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) and problematic Internet use (PIU) are the most studied risky online activities for adolescents in the current generation. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CBP and PIU. Still lacking is a clear understanding of common or differentiated risk and protective pathways for adolescents interacting in the cyber world. The aim of this study was to understand the role of individual (emotional symptoms) and environmental variables (parental monitoring) underpinning both CBP and PIU, with time spent online as a mediator of these factors. Furthermore, we investigated gender and school level differences in these dynamics. A questionnaire was filled in by 3,602 students from Italian Lower Secondary Schools and Upper Secondary Schools. Structural equation modeling was used to test the effects of emotional symptoms and parental monitoring on CBP and PIU mediated by time spent online, controlling for school level. In addition, the model was implemented for girls and boys, respectively. Negative emotional symptoms and low levels of parental monitoring were risk factors for both CBP and PIU, and their effect was mediated by the time spent online. In addition, parental monitoring highlighted the strongest total effect on both CBP and PIU. Risk and protective pathways were similar in girls and boys across Lower Secondary and Upper Secondary Schools, although there were some slight differences. CBP and PIU are the outcomes of an interplay between risk factors in the individual and environmental systems. The results highlight the need to design interventions to reduce emotional symptoms among adolescents, to support parental monitoring, and to regulate the time spent online by adolescents in order to prevent risky online activities.
网络欺凌行为（CBP）和网络使用问题（PIU）是当代针对青少年研究最多的危险在线活动。然而，很少有研究调查CBP和PIU之间的关系。目前仍缺乏对青少年在网络世界中互动的共同或不同风险及保护路径的清晰理解。本研究的目的是了解支撑CBP和PIU的个体（情绪症状）和环境变量（父母监督）的作用，将上网时间作为这些因素的中介变量。此外，我们还研究了这些动态过程中的性别和学校水平差异。来自意大利初中和高中的3602名学生填写了一份问卷。采用结构方程模型来检验情绪症状和父母监督对由上网时间介导的CBP和PIU的影响，并控制学校水平。此外，该模型分别对女孩和男孩进行了实施。负面情绪症状和低水平的父母监督是CBP和PIU的风险因素，其影响通过上网时间来介导。此外，父母监督对CBP和PIU的总体影响最为显著。初中和高中阶段的女孩和男孩的风险及保护路径相似，尽管存在一些细微差异。CBP和PIU是个体和环境系统中风险因素相互作用的结果。研究结果凸显了设计干预措施以减少青少年情绪症状、支持父母监督并规范青少年上网时间以预防危险在线活动的必要性。
