Azarmehr Nahid, Afshar Parisa, Moradi Mona, Sadeghi Heibatollah, Sadeghi Hossein, Alipoor Behnam, Khalvati Bahman, Barmoudeh Zahra, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi Kazem, Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2019 Jul 9;5(7):e02072. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02072. eCollection 2019 Jul.
Acetaminophen (APAP) as an analgesic and antipyretic drug can result to liver damages while using more than 4 g/day. Therefore, APAP toxicity causes the liver to dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of watercress (WC) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Randomly, twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six each. Groups named as control, APAP, APAP + WC and APAP + S for group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Group 1 received distilled water 1 ml/kg for 7 days. In group 2, 3, and 4, rats pretreated by receiving distilled water (1 ml/kg), WC extract (500 mg/kg), silymarin extract (mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively. Of note, to induce acute hepatotoxicity in groups 2, 3, and 4, rats posttreated by orally intoxicated with single dose of APAP (2 g/kg) on the sixth day. The animals were sacrificed on the seventh day. Alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), protein carbonyl (PCO), total thiol (T-SH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in plasma. It should be noted that the chemical composition of WC extract was identified by GC-MS analysis.
The results have shown that there was a significant increase in AST, ALT, FRAP and PCO content in APAP group in comparison to control. Also, there was a significant reduction in T-SH levels and GPx activity in APAP group compared to control. However, administration of WC extract and silymarin not only causes a significant decrease in AST activity, but they markedly increased T-SH content and GPx activity compared to APAP group. GC-MS analysis showed the major compositions were found to be benzenepropanenitrile (48.30 %), Phytol (10.10 %), α-cadinene (9.50%) and linolenic acid (8.0).
It is concluded that the WC extract reduces APAP-induced toxicity through its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in rats.
对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）作为一种止痛和解热药物，当每日用量超过4克时可能导致肝损伤。因此，APAP毒性会使肝脏功能失调。本研究旨在探讨豆瓣菜水醇提取物（WC）对APAP诱导的大鼠肝毒性的保肝和抗氧化活性。
将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为四组，每组6只。第1、2、3和4组分别命名为对照组、APAP组、APAP + WC组和APAP + S组。第1组连续7天给予1毫升/千克蒸馏水。第2、3和4组大鼠分别连续7天接受蒸馏水（1毫升/千克）、WC提取物（500毫克/千克）、水飞蓟宾提取物（毫克/千克）预处理。值得注意的是，为了在第2、3和4组诱导急性肝毒性，在第6天对大鼠进行单剂量APAP（2克/千克）口服中毒后处理。在第7天处死动物。测定血浆中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血浆铁还原能力（FRAP）、蛋白质羰基（PCO）、总巯基（T-SH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。需要注意的是，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析鉴定了WC提取物的化学成分。
结果表明，与对照组相比，APAP组的AST、ALT、FRAP和PCO含量显著增加。此外，与对照组相比，APAP组的T-SH水平和GPx活性显著降低。然而，给予WC提取物和水飞蓟宾不仅使AST活性显著降低，而且与APAP组相比，它们还显著提高了T-SH含量和GPx活性。GC-MS分析表明，主要成分是苯丙腈（48.30%）、叶绿醇（10.10%）、α-杜松烯（9.50%）和亚麻酸（8.0）。
得出的结论是，WC提取物通过其在大鼠中的保肝和抗氧化活性降低了APAP诱导的毒性。
