Kyriakou Sotiris, Michailidou Kyriaki, Amery Tom, Stewart Kyle, Winyard Paul G, Trafalis Dimitrios T, Franco Rodrigo, Pappa Aglaia, Panayiotidis Mihalis I
Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Nov 15;13:998755. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998755. eCollection 2022.
Watercress () is a rich source of secondary metabolites with disease-preventing and/or health-promoting properties. Herein, we have utilized extraction procedures to isolate fractions of polyphenols, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates to determine their identification, and quantification. In doing so, we have utilized reproducible analytical methodologies based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry by either positive or negative ion mode. Due to the instability and volatility of isothiocyanates, we followed an ammonia derivatization protocol which converts them into respective ionizable thiourea derivatives. The analytes' content distribution map was created on watercress flowers, leaves and stems. We have demonstrated that watercress contains significantly higher levels of gluconasturtiin, phenethyl isothiocyanate, quercetin-3--rutinoside and isorhamnetin, among others, with their content decreasing from flowers (82.11 ± 0.63, 273.89 ± 0.88, 1459.30 ± 12.95 and 289.40 ± 1.37 ng/g of dry extract respectively) to leaves (32.25 ± 0.74, 125.02 ± 0.52, 1197.86 ± 4.24 and 196.47 ± 3.65 ng/g of det extract respectively) to stems (9.20 ± 0.11, 64.7 ± 0.9, 41.02 ± 0.18, 65.67 ± 0.84 ng/g of dry extract respectivbely). Pearson's correlation analysis has shown that the content of isothiocyanates doesn't depend only on the bioconversion of individual glucosinolates but also on other glucosinolates of the same group. Overall, we have provided comprehensive analytical data of the major watercress metabolites thereby providing an opportunity to exploit different parts of watercress for potential therapeutic applications.
西洋菜()是次生代谢产物的丰富来源,具有预防疾病和/或促进健康的特性。在此,我们利用提取程序分离多酚、硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸盐的组分,以确定它们的鉴定和定量。在此过程中,我们采用了基于液相色谱-串联质谱的可重现分析方法,采用正离子或负离子模式。由于异硫氰酸盐的不稳定性和挥发性,我们遵循了氨衍生化方案,将它们转化为各自可离子化的硫脲衍生物。在西洋菜的花、叶和茎上创建了分析物的含量分布图。我们已经证明,西洋菜含有显著更高水平的葡糖芥苷、苯乙基异硫氰酸盐、槲皮素-3--芸香糖苷和异鼠李素等,其含量从花(分别为82.11±0.63、273.89±0.88、1459.30±12.95和289.40±1.37 ng/g干提取物)到叶(分别为32.25±0.74、125.02±0.52、1197.86±4.24和196.47±3.65 ng/g干提取物)再到茎(分别为9.20±0.11、64.7±0.9、41.02±0.18、65.67±0.84 ng/g干提取物)逐渐降低。Pearson相关性分析表明,异硫氰酸盐的含量不仅取决于单个硫代葡萄糖苷的生物转化,还取决于同一组中的其他硫代葡萄糖苷。总体而言,我们提供了西洋菜主要代谢产物的综合分析数据,从而为利用西洋菜的不同部位进行潜在的治疗应用提供了机会。