First Detection and Genomic Insight into mcr-1 Encoding Plasmid-Mediated Colistin-Resistance Gene in ST101 Isolated from the Migratory Bird Species in Thailand.

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of mcr-1 encoding plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene in isolated from migratory birds in Thailand. A total of 178 cloacal swabs from migratory birds was sampled and isolated from 2016 to 2017 in Nan, Trang, and Bangkok, Thailand. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to screen the resistance genes. After screening, a disk diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration were investigated. The draft genome sequence of isolate 2A85589 was obtained using an Illumina HiSeq X-Ten platform. The genome was assembled using SPAdes 3.0.0. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using ResFinder 3.1. We reported ST101 of isolate 2A85589, an mcr-1-carrying resistance gene isolated from the migratory bird species in Thailand. The draft genome of 2A85589 was 4,621,016 bp in size. IncHI1A plasmid was identified using PlasmidFinder with high coverage. analysis detected the presence of eight putative acquired resistance genes, namely blaTEM-1B, mcr-1, mef(A), mef(B), QnrS1, sul3, tet(A), and tet(B), which conferred resistance to β-lactam, colistin, macrolide, quinolone, sulfonamide, and tetracycline. This study underlines the potential risk of the environmental contamination of mcr-1-carrying isolated from the migratory bird. The long range migration of birds can result in dissemination of mcr-1-carrying bacteria globally. Therefore, plasmid-mediated colistin is an urgent need to be addressed in both human and veterinary medicine for disease control and prevention.