Giarratano Gloria, Bernard Marirose L, Orlando Susan
Louisiana State University Health School of Nursing, New Orleans.
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2019 Jul/Sep;33(3):219-228. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000419.
The psychosocial needs of childbearing families drastically change after a disaster. Perinatal nurses providing postdisaster maternal-newborn care at community shelters, field hospitals, or acute care facilities must be prepared as "first responders" to address the immediate psychological distress and social needs of women and families in the first few chaotic days or weeks. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate ways nurses can integrate psychosocial and interpersonal interventions in perinatal disaster care using the framework of Psychological First Aid (PFA) developed by a team of mental health experts, along with The National Child Traumatic Stress Network and the United States (US) National Center for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PFA framework offers evidence-informed stepwise approaches nurses can employ within their scope of practice aimed at reducing disaster survivors' initial distress and to promote short- and long-term adaptive functioning. Purposive interactions are suggested to provide emotional support, empathy, and guidance to reduce stress, restore coping skills, and help families use their strengths to begin the recovery process. Nurse leaders engaged in hospital disaster planning need to ensure that essential resources and community networks are available to provide mental health and psychosocial support for childbearing women and families in a postdisaster environment.
灾难过后，生育家庭的心理社会需求会发生巨大变化。在社区避难所、野战医院或急症护理机构为灾后母婴提供护理的围产期护士必须做好“第一响应者”的准备，以便在最初几天或几周的混乱时期应对妇女及其家庭的即时心理困扰和社会需求。本文旨在展示护士如何利用心理健康专家团队、国家儿童创伤应激网络和美国国家创伤后应激障碍中心开发的心理急救（PFA）框架，将心理社会和人际干预措施融入围产期灾难护理中。PFA框架提供了基于证据的逐步方法，护士可在其执业范围内采用这些方法，以减轻灾难幸存者的初始困扰，并促进其短期和长期的适应性功能。建议通过有目的的互动提供情感支持、同理心和指导，以减轻压力、恢复应对技能，并帮助家庭利用自身优势开始恢复过程。参与医院灾难规划的护士领导者需要确保提供必要的资源和社区网络，以便在灾后环境中为生育妇女及其家庭提供心理健康和心理社会支持。
