Romanelli Michele, Taddeo Flavia, Turchi Gian Piero, Iudici Antonio
Institute of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Milano, Padova, Italy.
Department of Philosophy, Education, Sociology and Applied Psychology of Padua (FISPPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2025 Jul 16;16:1597897. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1597897. eCollection 2025.
In recent years, emergency psychology has emerged as an interdisciplinary discipline that integrates clinical, community and intercultural approaches to managing the psychological impact of critical events. However, the rapid evolution of the field has generated methodological fragmentation, hindering the definition of a unified disciplinary identity. While international guidelines (IASC and OMS) promote an integrated approach, other models focus on PTSD prevention and practitioner training. This review analyses the main types of interventions in the literature through a systematic analysis and thematic clustering of 27 articles. The results highlight a wide range of approaches, from methodologies for the development of coping skills and social adaptation, to psychological support strategies, to clinical-diagnostic models borrowed from emergency medicine. However, the risk of reducing emergency psychology to an extension of the biomedical model, focused on the diagnosis and prevention of psychopathology, raises questions about the specificity and distinctive contribution of the discipline. The review underscores the need for a paradigm shift in emergency psychology toward more holistic, integrated, and community-centered approaches, emphasizing the importance of developing interventions that address both individual and collective resilience in crisis situations. The study's scope was limited by its focus on English-language articles from the past decade and the use of specific keywords, potentially overlooking relevant interventions and alternative perspectives that could have emerged from a broader, multilingual search strategy. In terms of future research, this perspective suggests the need to develop methodologies and intervention protocols that go beyond clinical diagnosis and foster governance of interactions in emergency contexts, promoting effective and shared crisis management.
近年来，应急心理学已发展成为一门跨学科领域，它整合了临床、社区和跨文化方法来应对重大事件的心理影响。然而，该领域的快速发展导致了方法上的碎片化，阻碍了统一学科身份的界定。虽然国际指南（IASC和OMS）提倡采用综合方法，但其他模式则侧重于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的预防和从业者培训。本综述通过对27篇文章进行系统分析和主题聚类，分析了文献中主要的干预类型。结果凸显了广泛的方法，从应对技能和社会适应发展的方法，到心理支持策略，再到借鉴急诊医学的临床诊断模型。然而，将应急心理学简化为生物医学模式的延伸（专注于精神病理学的诊断和预防）存在风险，这引发了关于该学科的特殊性和独特贡献的问题。该综述强调应急心理学需要向更全面、综合和以社区为中心的方法转变，强调开发能够应对危机情况下个体和集体复原力的干预措施的重要性。该研究的范围受到限制，因为它专注于过去十年的英文文章以及使用了特定关键词，可能忽略了从更广泛的多语言搜索策略中可能出现的相关干预措施和替代观点。就未来研究而言，这一观点表明需要开发超越临床诊断的方法和干预方案，并促进应急情况下互动的管理，推动有效的共享危机管理。
