Cargill Stephanie Solomon
Associate professor of health care ethics at Saint Louis University.
Ethics Hum Res. 2019 Jul;41(4):23-30. doi: 10.1002/eahr.500024.
It is generally accepted that ethical research requires valid informed consent and that current informed consent practice frequently fails to attain it. Interventions concerning the content and methods of communication in informed consent have met with limited success. One explanation is that they reflect an outdated and limited model of how communication functions, the transmission model of communication. This model assumes that communication is linear, is limited in time, and succeeds when the content of a message is passed from one person to another without distortion. Later communication models have challenged the limitations and inaccuracies of this model, emphasizing the continuous, contextual, and relational nature of communication. Looking beyond these assumptions behind current interventions can open multiple paths of research and intervention that have the potential to affect and improve the informed consent process in much greater ways than have been achieved previously.
人们普遍认为，符合伦理的研究需要有效的知情同意，而目前的知情同意实践往往未能做到这一点。在知情同意中，关于沟通内容和方法的干预取得的成功有限。一种解释是，它们反映了一种过时且有限的沟通功能模式，即传播模式。该模式假定沟通是线性的，时间有限，并且当一条信息的内容毫无扭曲地从一个人传递给另一个人时就算成功。后来的沟通模式对该模式的局限性和不准确之处提出了挑战，强调沟通的持续性、情境性和关联性。超越当前干预措施背后的这些假设，可以开辟多条研究和干预途径，这些途径有可能以比以往更大的方式影响和改进知情同意过程。
