Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330029, China; Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Oct;93:258-268. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.056. Epub 2019 Jul 20.
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of multi-strain probiotics (MSP) in a low fish meal (FM) diet on overall performance, gut microbiota, selected non-specific immune responses and antioxidant enzyme activities of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) juveniles. A total of 225 healthy olive flounders (initial mean body weight, 13.5 ± 0.01 g) were randomly separated into 3 groups of 75 fish, each group having three replicates of 25 fish; first group was fed with a FM-based control diet (Con), 2nd group was fed with a low-FM diet containing a blend of plant and animal protein meals replacing 30% of the FM protein (FM30), and 3rd group was fed with the FM30 diet supplemented with 10-10 CFU kg of the MSP (Pro). With the exception of lipid retention, which was significantly lower in fish fed the FM30 diet compared to the other two treatments, no other statistically significant differences were recorded with respect to any of the other growth and nutrient utilization parameters. Myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities of fish fed the Pro diet were much higher and significantly different than those of fish fed the FM30 diet. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in Pro- than in Con-fed fish, which, in turn, was significantly higher than FM30-fed fish. Expression of immune-related genes including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was markedly upregulated in livers of the fish fed Pro diet compared to those fed the Con and FM30 diets. Furthermore, supplementation of MSP in FM30 diet enriched the Lactobacillus abundance in the fish gut as well as predictive gene functions in relation to lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. These data suggested that the MSP could reduce the potential adverse effects of the low-FM diet and might be used as a healthy immunostimulant for olive flounder.
一项为期 12 周的喂养试验评估了多菌株益生菌（MSP）在低鱼粉（FM）饲料中对整体性能、肠道微生物群、选择的非特异性免疫反应和橄榄油鱼（Paralichthys olivaceus）幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响。总共 225 条健康的橄榄油鱼（初始平均体重 13.5±0.01g）被随机分为 3 组，每组 75 条鱼，每组有 3 个重复，每组 25 条鱼；第一组用 FM 为基础的对照饲料（Con）喂养，第二组用含有植物和动物蛋白饲料混合物的低 FM 饲料喂养，替代 30%的 FM 蛋白质（FM30），第三组用 FM30 饲料喂养补充 10-10 CFU kg MSP（Pro）。除了脂肪保留率，与其他两种处理相比，FM30 饮食喂养的鱼明显较低外，在其他任何生长和营养利用参数方面，没有其他统计上的显著差异。Pro 饮食喂养的鱼的髓过氧化物酶和溶菌酶活性要高得多，与 FM30 饮食喂养的鱼有显著差异。Pro 喂养的鱼的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于 Con 喂养的鱼，而 Con 喂养的鱼又显著高于 FM30 喂养的鱼。与 Con 和 FM30 饮食喂养的鱼相比，Pro 饮食喂养的鱼肝脏中免疫相关基因（包括 IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α）的表达明显上调。此外，在 FM30 饮食中补充 MSP 丰富了鱼肠道中的乳杆菌丰度，以及与脂质和碳水化合物代谢相关的预测基因功能。这些数据表明，MSP 可以降低低 FM 饮食的潜在不利影响，并可能作为橄榄油鱼的健康免疫刺激剂。
