Species Modulate Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

species are common colonizers of the adult genitourinary tract and often considered as low-virulence commensals. Intraamniotic infections, however, facilitate chorioamnionitis and preterm birth, and cases of -induced neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis raise a growing awareness of their clinical relevance. In vitro studies are scarce but demonstrate distinct -driven impacts on immune mechanisms. The current study addressed cytokine and chemokine responses upon exposure of native or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-stimulated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to or , using qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, multi-analyte immunoassay, and flow cytometry. exposure in native HBMEC reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 mRNA expression ( < 0.01, vs. broth). In co-stimulated HBMEC, spp. attenuated LPS-evoked mRNA responses for C-X-C chemokine ligand 5, MCP-1, and MCP-3 ( < 0.05, vs. LPS) and mitigated LPS-driven interleukin (IL)-1α protein secretion, as well as IL-8 mRNA and protein responses ( < 0.05). Furthermore, isolates increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 mRNA levels in native and LPS co-stimulated HBMEC ( < 0.05). The presented results may imply immunomodulatory capacities of spp. which may ultimately promote chronic colonization and long-term neuroinflammation.