Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
Thoracic Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 11;11(7):1566. doi: 10.3390/nu11071566.
Several studies have reported some efficacy of diets low in fermentable carbohydrates (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs)) in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). There is no evidence of its superiority compared to gluten-free and balanced diets in improving IBS patients' quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study is to assess whether different diets can improve QoL in IBS. Forty-two patients with IBS, according to Rome IV criteria, were enrolled. Low-FODMAP, gluten-free and balanced diets were proposed to each patient in the same succession. Each diet was followed for 4 weeks. The Bristol Stool Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for bloating and abdominal pain, and the SF12 questionnaire for health-related quality of life were applied at the beginning and at the end of each diet. Twenty-eight of the forty-two patients completed all the three diets. All the three diets reduced symptom severity ( < 0.01), bloating ( < 0.01) and abdominal pain ( < 0.01), and improved quality of life ( 0.05); 3% of patients expressed a preference for the low-FODMAP diet, 11% for the gluten-free and 86% for the balanced diet ( 0.01). The balanced diet improves QoL and VAS pain, provides an adequate quantity of FODMAPs and is more appreciated by patients. For these reasons, the balanced diet could be recommended to patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
几项研究报告称，低可发酵碳水化合物（可发酵寡糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAPs））饮食在肠易激综合征（IBS）中具有一定疗效。与无麸质和均衡饮食相比，它在改善 IBS 患者生活质量（QoL）方面没有优势。本研究旨在评估不同饮食是否能改善 IBS 患者的生活质量。
根据罗马 IV 标准，共纳入 42 例 IBS 患者。向每位患者按相同顺序提出低 FODMAP、无麸质和均衡饮食。每种饮食均持续 4 周。在每种饮食开始和结束时应用布里斯托粪便量表、腹胀和腹痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）以及健康相关生活质量 SF12 问卷。
42 例患者中有 28 例完成了所有三种饮食。所有三种饮食均减轻了症状严重程度（ < 0.01）、腹胀（ < 0.01）和腹痛（ < 0.01），并改善了生活质量（ 0.05）；3%的患者表示更喜欢低 FODMAP 饮食，11%的患者更喜欢无麸质饮食，86%的患者更喜欢均衡饮食（ 0.01）。
均衡饮食改善了 QoL 和 VAS 疼痛，提供了足够数量的 FODMAPs，并且更受患者欢迎。由于这些原因，均衡饮食可以推荐给肠易激综合征患者。
