Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Viruses. 2019 Jul 11;11(7):638. doi: 10.3390/v11070638.
Noroviruses, in the genus , are a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. For almost 50 years, the lack of a cultivation system for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) was a major barrier to understanding virus biology and the development of effective antiviral strategies. This review presents a historical perspective of the development of a cultivation system for HuNoVs in human intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Successful cultivation was based on the discovery of genetically-encoded host factors required for infection, knowledge of the site of infection in humans, and advances in the cultivation of human intestinal epithelial cells achieved by developmental and stem cell biologists. The human stem cell-derived enteroid cultivation system recapitulates the multicellular, physiologically active human intestinal epithelium, and allows studies of virus-specific replication requirements, evaluation of human host-pathogen interactions, and supports the pre-clinical assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections.
诺如病毒属中的病毒是导致人类和动物病毒性肠胃炎的主要原因。近 50 年来，由于缺乏人类诺如病毒（HuNoVs）的培养系统，严重阻碍了人们对病毒生物学和有效抗病毒策略的理解。本综述介绍了在人肠道上皮细胞培养物中培养 HuNoVs 系统的历史发展。成功的培养基于对感染所需的遗传编码宿主因子的发现、对人类感染部位的了解以及通过发育和干细胞生物学家实现的人肠道上皮细胞培养的进步。基于人干细胞的类器官培养系统再现了多细胞、生理活跃的人肠道上皮细胞，并允许研究病毒特异性复制要求、评估人类宿主-病原体相互作用，以及支持预防和治疗 HuNoV 感染的方法的临床前评估。
