Kong Li Ying Marcella, Masirevic Srdan, Tan Yong Wah, Marzinek Jan K, Fox Stephen John, Verma Chandra S, Bond Peter J, Ishida Yoshiki, Liu Jiquan, Chua Chun Song, Chu Justin Jang Hann
Procter & Gamble (Singapore), Singapore, Singapore.
Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Feb 13;16:1550295. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550295. eCollection 2025.
Norovirus, a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, is notably stable in the environment due to its non-enveloped nature. In the absence of effective vaccines or treatments, disinfection remains the primary prevention strategy, highlighting the importance of virucidal efficacy in household care products. Conventional effective disinfectants are predominantly alcohol-based, but alcohol is known to pose health risks, such as skin irritation. This study investigates a non-alcohol-based alternative, specifically a combination of Arginine and Zinc chloride (ZnCl).
Utilizing MS2 bacteriophage as a surrogate, we identified a robust combination of arginine and ZnCl that is effective against Feline Calicivirus (FCV), a mammalian virus surrogate model for Norovirus.
Our results determined a 5 min contact time at pH 11 as optimal, achieving significant virucidal activity against FCV without pH-induced reversibility. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses suggested that the mechanism of action for the Arg-Zn-Arg complex does not involve capsid disruption. Further insights from molecular modeling studies revealed that the complex potentially inhibits FCV by occupying a key capsid binding pocket essential for Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM) receptor engagement, thereby preventing viral entry.
These findings allow us to propose a novel and non-alcohol-based virucidal approach against viruses from the Caliciviridae family, highlighting the potential of Arg-Zn-Arg complexes in public health protection.
诺如病毒是全球急性胃肠炎的主要病因，由于其无包膜的特性，在环境中显著稳定。在缺乏有效疫苗或治疗方法的情况下，消毒仍然是主要的预防策略，这凸显了家用护理产品中杀病毒效力的重要性。传统的有效消毒剂主要是酒精基的，但已知酒精会带来健康风险，如皮肤刺激。本研究调查了一种非酒精基替代品，具体为精氨酸和氯化锌（ZnCl）的组合。
利用MS2噬菌体作为替代物，我们确定了精氨酸和ZnCl的一种有效组合，其对猫杯状病毒（FCV）有效，FCV是诺如病毒的一种哺乳动物病毒替代模型。
我们的结果确定在pH 11时5分钟的接触时间为最佳，可实现对FCV的显著杀病毒活性且无pH诱导的可逆性。动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析表明，精氨酸-锌-精氨酸复合物的作用机制不涉及衣壳破坏。分子建模研究的进一步见解显示，该复合物可能通过占据连接粘附分子（JAM）受体结合所必需的关键衣壳结合口袋来抑制FCV，从而阻止病毒进入。
这些发现使我们能够提出一种针对杯状病毒科病毒的新型非酒精基杀病毒方法，凸显了精氨酸-锌-精氨酸复合物在公共卫生保护中的潜力。
