Owumi Solomon E, Dim Uche J, Najophe Eseroghene S
1 Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2 Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2019 Aug;35(8):537-547. doi: 10.1177/0748233719863287. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
The adverse health consequences of environmental, occupational, and dietary exposure to either diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or cadmium (Cd) have been widely investigated. However, because most environmental exposures to xenobiotics do not occur in isolation but in mixtures, the effects of simultaneous exposure to both DEN and Cd on hepatorenal function deserves investigation. The present study investigated the impact of 7 days oral co-exposure to 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of DEN and 5 mg/kg b.w. of Cd on biomarkers of hepatic and renal functions, antioxidant defense systems, and oxidative stress indices in the liver and kidney of prepubertal rats. The results showed that the significant ( < 0.05) increases in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, and creatinine following separate administration of DEN and Cd to rats were further increased in the co-exposure group. Moreover, marked decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase as well as glutathione levels following individual administration of DEN and Cd to rats were exacerbated in the co-exposure group. Further, the marked increase in the lipid peroxidation level and the histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney of rats treated with DEN or Cd alone were intensified in the co-exposure group These findings indicate that co-exposure to DEN and Cd elicited more severe hepatic and renal oxidative damage in the rats, thus suggesting a greater risk to humans who are co-exposed to them.
环境、职业和饮食中接触二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）或镉（Cd）对健康的不良影响已得到广泛研究。然而，由于大多数环境中对外源化学物的接触并非孤立发生，而是以混合物形式存在，因此同时接触DEN和Cd对肝肾 功能的影响值得研究。本研究调查了对青春期前大鼠口服10毫克/千克体重（b.w.）的DEN和5毫克/千克b.w.的Cd共暴露7天对肝脏和肾脏功能生物标志物、抗氧化防御系统以及肝脏和肾脏氧化应激指标的影响。结果表明，单独给大鼠施用DEN和Cd后，天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、尿素和肌酐水平显著（<0.05）升高，而在共暴露组中进一步升高。此外，单独给大鼠施用DEN和Cd后，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的活性以及谷胱甘肽水平显著降低，而在共暴露组中这种降低更为明显。此外，单独用DEN或Cd处理的大鼠肝脏和肾脏中脂质过氧化水平的显著升高和组织病理学损伤在共暴露组中加剧。这些发现表明，同时接触DEN和Cd会在大鼠中引发更严重的肝脏和肾脏氧化损伤，从而表明同时接触它们的人类面临更大风险。
