College of Health and Welfare, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwamachi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-0294, Japan.
Department of Early Childhood Education, Kyoto Bunkyo Junior College, 80 Senzoku, Makishima-cho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0041, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jul 23;19(1):985. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7256-5.
The school environment provides crucial opportunities for children to engage in health-promoting physical activity (PA). Japanese children clean their schools and have recess time every school day. The primary aim of the study is to describe the levels of physical activity during school cleaning and recess time while comparing it between genders.
PA and sedentary behavior (SB) of 230 boys and 252 girls aged 6-12 years-old from 14 public primary schools were assessed for 7 consecutive days with a triaxial accelerometer. Minutes of SB, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as a percentage in each of school cleaning time (15 min/day: 58% of the 14 schools or 20 min/day), morning recess time (15 min/day: 6% or 20 min/day) or lunch recess time (15 min/day: 29%, 20 min/day: 47% or 25 min/day) were evaluated. A one-way analysis of variance or Student's t test was used to examine differences in %PAs and %SB between school cleaning time and morning and lunch recess time, and between genders.
In a school day, the percentage of total daily MVPA during school cleaning time, morning recess and lunch recess time was 19.4 ± 6.8% (15.2 ± 5.3 min/day) for boys and 16.9 ± 5.8% (10.5 ± 4.3 min/day) for girls. For boys, the proportions of MVPA in morning and lunch recesses and SB during the morning recess were significantly higher than during school cleaning time (p < 0.001). For girls, similar results were obtained and the SB during lunch recess was also higher than during school cleaning time (p < 0.001).
These findings suggest that the total amount of school cleaning time, recess and lunch time likely contribute to daily MVPA but the beneficial effects should be further explored in future intervention studies.
学校环境为儿童提供了参与促进健康的体育活动（PA）的重要机会。日本的儿童每天在学校打扫卫生和休息。本研究的主要目的是描述学校清洁和课间休息期间的体力活动水平，并比较其性别差异。
使用三轴加速度计连续 7 天评估了来自 14 所公立小学的 230 名男孩和 252 名 6-12 岁女孩的 PA 和久坐行为（SB）。评估了每天 15 分钟（14 所学校中有 58%或每天 20 分钟）的学校清洁时间、上午课间休息时间（每天 15 分钟：6%或每天 20 分钟）或午餐课间休息时间（每天 15 分钟：29%，每天 20 分钟：47%或每天 25 分钟）的 SB 分钟数和中到高强度 PA（MVPA）的百分比。使用单向方差分析或学生 t 检验检查学校清洁时间与上午和午餐课间休息时间之间以及不同性别之间的 PA%和 SB%差异。
在一个学校日中，男孩在学校清洁时间、上午课间休息和午餐课间休息时间的总 MVPA 百分比为 19.4±6.8%（15.2±5.3 分钟/天），女孩为 16.9±5.8%（10.5±4.3 分钟/天）。对于男孩，上午课间休息和午餐课间休息时的 MVPA 比例以及上午课间休息时的 SB 明显高于学校清洁时间（p<0.001）。对于女孩，也得到了类似的结果，并且午餐课间休息时的 SB 也高于学校清洁时间（p<0.001）。
这些发现表明，学校清洁时间、课间休息和午餐时间的总量可能有助于每天的 MVPA，但在未来的干预研究中应进一步探讨其有益效果。
