Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Br J Nutr. 2019 Oct 28;122(8):936-941. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001806.
The association of chocolate consumption with risk of gestational diabetes has not been examined. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between chocolate consumption and risk of gestational diabetes in a large birth cohort in Japan. A total of 97 454 pregnant women with a median gestational age of 12 weeks were recruited from January 2011 to March 2014. Data on demographic information, disease history, socio-economic status, lifestyle and dietary habits were obtained at the study enrolment. Dietary intake during the past 12 months before study enrolment was assessed through a semi-quantitative FFQ. The logistic regression was used to obtain the OR of gestational diabetes in relation to chocolate consumption. Among 84 948 women eligible for the analysis, 1904 cases of gestational diabetes (2·2 %) were identified during the period of pregnancy. After controlling for potential confounding factors including age, smoking status, drinking status, education level, occupation, pre-pregnant BMI, depression, previous history of macrosomia babies, parity, physical activity and dietary factors, women in the highest quartile of chocolate consumption, compared with those in the lowest quartile, had a significantly lower risk of developing gestational diabetes (OR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·90; P for trend = 0·002). Stratified analyses suggested that the association was not significantly modified by pre-pregnancy BMI, age, parity, smoking status or drinking status. The present prospective cohort study provided evidence that chocolate consumption was associated with a significant lower risk of gestational diabetes in Japanese women.
巧克力消费与妊娠糖尿病风险的关联尚未被研究过。我们旨在研究巧克力消费与日本一个大型出生队列中妊娠糖尿病风险的前瞻性关联。从 2011 年 1 月到 2014 年 3 月，共招募了 97454 名妊娠 12 周中位数的孕妇。在研究登记时，收集了人口统计学信息、病史、社会经济状况、生活方式和饮食习惯的数据。在研究登记前的过去 12 个月期间的膳食摄入量通过半定量食物频率问卷进行评估。使用逻辑回归获得巧克力消费与妊娠糖尿病之间的 OR。在 84948 名符合分析条件的妇女中，在妊娠期间确定了 1904 例妊娠糖尿病（2.2%）。在控制了包括年龄、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、教育程度、职业、孕前 BMI、抑郁、既往巨大儿史、产次、体力活动和饮食因素等潜在混杂因素后，与最低四分位组相比，巧克力消费量最高四分位组的妇女发生妊娠糖尿病的风险显著降低（OR 0.78，95%CI 0.67，0.90；P 趋势=0.002）。分层分析表明，这种关联不受孕前 BMI、年龄、产次、吸烟状况或饮酒状况的显著改变。本前瞻性队列研究提供了证据，表明巧克力消费与日本女性妊娠糖尿病风险显著降低有关。
