与年龄相关的记忆容量和选择性元认知差异。
Age-related differences in metacognition for memory capacity and selectivity.
机构信息
a Department of Psychology, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
出版信息
Memory. 2019 Oct;27(9):1236-1249. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1645859. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
We compared two types of metacognitive monitoring in younger and older adults: metacognitive accuracy for their overall memory performance and their ability to selectively remember high-value information. Participants studied words paired with point values and were asked to maximise their point score. In Experiment 1, they predicted how many words they would remember while in Experiment 2, they predicted how many points they would earn. In Experiment 1, while younger adults were accurate in their predictions, older adults were overconfident in the number of words they would recall throughout the task. In Experiment 2, however, both younger and older adults were equally accurate when predicting the amount of points they would earn after some task experience. While younger adults may have higher metacognitive accuracy for their capacity, older adults can accurately assess their ability to selectively remember information, suggesting potentially separate metacognitive mechanisms that are differentially affected by aging.
我们比较了两种元认知监测在年轻和老年人中的应用
一种是对整体记忆表现的元认知准确性，另一种是选择性记住高价值信息的能力。参与者学习与分值配对的单词，并被要求最大化他们的得分。在实验 1 中，他们预测自己能记住多少单词；而在实验 2 中，他们预测自己能获得多少分数。在实验 1 中，尽管年轻成年人的预测是准确的，但老年人对他们在整个任务中会回忆起多少单词的信心过高。然而，在实验 2 中，当有一些任务经验后，年轻和老年成年人在预测他们将获得的分数数量时，准确性相当。虽然年轻成年人可能对他们的能力有更高的元认知准确性，但老年人可以准确评估他们选择性记忆信息的能力，这表明潜在的元认知机制可能是不同的，并且受到衰老的影响。
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