Scholz Tomáš, Kuchta Roman, Brabec Jan
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Natural History Museum of Geneva, PO Box 6434, CH-1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2019 Apr 1;9:359-369. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.02.001. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Tapeworms of the family Diphyllobothriidae, commonly known as broad tapeworms, are predominantly large-bodied parasites of wildlife capable of infecting humans as their natural or accidental host. Diphyllobothriosis caused by adults of the genera , and is usually not a life-threatening disease. Sparganosis, in contrast, is caused by larvae (plerocercoids) of species of and can have serious health consequences, exceptionally leading to host's death in the case of generalised sparganosis caused by ''. While most of the definitive wildlife hosts of broad tapeworms are recruited from marine and terrestrial mammal taxa (mainly carnivores and cetaceans), only a few diphyllobothriideans mature in fish-eating birds. In this review, we provide an overview the recent progress in our understanding of the diversity, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of broad tapeworms achieved over the last decade and outline the prospects of future research. The multigene family-wide phylogeny of the order published in 2017 allowed to propose an updated classification of the group, including new generic assignment of the most important causative agents of human diphyllobothriosis, i.e., and . Genomic data of selected representatives have also begun to accumulate, promising future developments in understanding the biology of this particular group of parasites. The list of nominal species of taxonomically most complicated genus as well as host-parasite list of 37 species of broad tapeworms parasitising marine mammals (pinnipeds and cetaceans) are also provided.
裂头绦虫科的绦虫，通常被称为阔节裂头绦虫，主要是寄生于野生动物体内的大型寄生虫，能够感染人类成为其自然宿主或偶然宿主。由裂头绦虫属、阔节裂头绦虫属和新裂头绦虫属成虫引起的阔节裂头绦虫病通常不是危及生命的疾病。相比之下，裂头蚴病是由迭宫绦虫属的幼虫（裂头蚴）引起的，可能会产生严重的健康后果，在由曼氏迭宫绦虫引起的全身性裂头蚴病的情况下，极有可能导致宿主死亡。虽然大多数阔节裂头绦虫的终末野生动物宿主来自海洋和陆地哺乳动物类群（主要是食肉动物和鲸类），但只有少数双叶槽绦虫在食鱼鸟类体内成熟。在本综述中，我们概述了过去十年在了解阔节裂头绦虫的多样性、系统发育关系和分布方面取得的最新进展，并概述了未来研究的前景。2017年发表的该目多基因全家族系统发育研究提出了该类群的更新分类，包括对人类阔节裂头绦虫病最重要病原体，即裂头绦虫属和阔节裂头绦虫属的新属级归类。选定代表的基因组数据也已开始积累，有望在理解这一特殊寄生虫群体的生物学方面取得未来进展。文中还提供了分类学上最复杂的迭宫绦虫属的有效物种列表，以及寄生于海洋哺乳动物（鳍足类和鲸类）的37种阔节裂头绦虫的宿主 - 寄生虫列表。
