奥地利施蒂里亚州孕妇贫血患病率-2006-2014 年母婴检查回顾性分析。

Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Styria, Austria-A retrospective analysis of mother-child examinations 2006-2014.

机构信息

Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Mother-child booklet service of the Styrian State Health Insurance Clinic (Steiermärkische Gebietskrankenkasse, Stmk. GKK), Graz, Austria.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2019 Jul 25;14(7):e0219703. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219703. eCollection 2019.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0219703

PMID:31344117

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6657840/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Many women suffer from anemia during their pregnancy. Austria, a central European country, has an instituted mandatory prenatal care system and therein two anemia screening tests (before end of week 16 and in weeks 25-28) are scheduled. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Austria are missing.

METHODS

We analysed data from Styria, an Austrian federal state, to determine the prevalence of anemia diagnosed in pregnant women aged 15-45 years with at least one examination in the first and second time period using the cut-off hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of 11 g/dl as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Sensitivity analyses for cut-off values with 10.5 and 7 g/dl (severe anemia) were performed. The STROBE checklist was applied for this retrospective cohort study.

RESULTS

The study included anemia screening tests from 25,922 women during 31,429 pregnancies from 2006-2014. Anemia was diagnosed in either time period in 13.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.4-14.1) of pregnancies, in the first time period in 2.2% (95% CI 2.0-2.2), and in the second time period in 13.0% (95% CI 12.6-13.4). The annual age-adjusted anemia prevalence showed no change over time. Reducing the cut-off value to 10.5 g/dl resulted in an anemia prevalence in either time period of 5.6% (95% CI 5.3-5.8). The pattern of a higher prevalence in the second time period remained unchanged. Severe anemia (Hb <7 g/dl) was diagnosed in four pregnancies (0.01%).

CONCLUSION

The estimated anemia prevalence of around 14% in pregnant women in Styria (Austria) is stable over the observed time window (2006-2014) and almost all are diagnosed in the second test period (in weeks 25-28). It seems that in a developed country like Austria the first examination (before week 16) is not mandatory for pregnancy care. However, in other countries where a high prevalence of anemia is common due to risk factors such as malaria and HIV, early screening in pregnancy might be very important.

摘要

背景

许多女性在怀孕期间会贫血。奥地利是一个中欧国家，实行强制性的产前保健制度，在妊娠 16 周末前和妊娠 25-28 周期间各进行一次贫血筛查。目前尚无奥地利孕妇贫血患病率的流行病学数据。

方法

我们分析了来自奥地利施蒂利亚州的数据，该州对至少在第一次和第二次检查期间血红蛋白（Hb）浓度采用 11 g/dl 作为界值的 15-45 岁孕妇进行了诊断性贫血患病率的分析，该界值是世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的。我们对 10.5 g/dl（严重贫血）和 7 g/dl 作为界值的敏感性分析进行了评估。本回顾性队列研究应用 STROBE 清单。

结果

本研究纳入了 2006 年至 2014 年 31429 例妊娠期间 25922 例孕妇的贫血筛查检查结果。两次检查期间各有 13.7%（95%置信区间[CI]：13.4%-14.1%）的妊娠被诊断为贫血，第一次检查期间 2.2%（95%CI：2.0%-2.2%），第二次检查期间 13.0%（95%CI：12.6%-13.4%）。年龄校正的年度贫血患病率无时间变化。将界值降低至 10.5 g/dl 可使两次检查期间的贫血患病率增加到 5.6%（95%CI：5.3%-5.8%）。第二次检查期间的高患病率模式保持不变。严重贫血（Hb<7 g/dl）诊断出 4 例（0.01%）。

结论

在观察期间（2006-2014 年），奥地利施蒂利亚州孕妇的估计贫血患病率约为 14%，且较为稳定，几乎所有患者都在第二次检查期（妊娠 25-28 周）被诊断。这表明在奥地利这样的发达国家，第一次检查（妊娠 16 周末前）对于妊娠保健并非强制性的。然而，在其他国家，由于疟疾和艾滋病毒等危险因素导致贫血患病率较高，妊娠早期筛查可能非常重要。