Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Med Teach. 2019 Dec;41(12):1380-1391. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2019.1641189. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
: Globally, burnout is an increasingly prevalent problem amongst young medical professionals. This review aims to understand the factors related to burnout in the early-career stage of medicine. Drawing on the widely used Job Demands-Resources Model, the antecedents of burnout were distinguished from its outcomes. The review adopted the PRISMA guidelines. Using specific search terms, peer-reviewed articles were obtained from a range of databases and assessed against selection criteria. To meet inclusion requirements, the study had to be published between 2000 and 2018, include a validated measure of burnout, and undertake empirical assessment of factors related to burnout in medical students and/or junior medical officers/residents. Additional studies were obtained and reviewed from the reference lists of selected articles. Out of the 3796 studies that were initially found, 585 were assessed against the eligibility criteria leaving 113 studies for review. These studies highlighted the negative consequences of burnout in the early medical career. Also identified were work-specific and person-specific demands that likely lead to burnout and, work and person resources that appear to reduce burnout. This review provides a framework to explain the growing problem of burnout amongst early-career medical professionals. However, further research is necessary to overcome the current reliance on cross-sectional designs and small sample sizes.
全球范围内， burnout（职业倦怠）在年轻的医疗专业人员中越来越普遍。本综述旨在了解医学职业生涯早期与 burnout 相关的因素。本研究借鉴了广泛使用的工作要求-资源模型，将 burnout 的前因与结果区分开来。综述采用 PRISMA 指南。使用特定的搜索词，从一系列数据库中获取同行评议的文章，并根据选择标准进行评估。为了满足纳入标准，研究必须在 2000 年至 2018 年之间发表，使用 burnout 的经过验证的衡量标准，并对医学生和/或初级医务人员/住院医师中与 burnout 相关的因素进行实证评估。从选定文章的参考文献中获得并回顾了其他研究。在最初发现的 3796 项研究中，有 585 项符合资格标准，留下 113 项进行综述。这些研究强调了 burnout 在早期医疗生涯中的负面影响。还确定了可能导致 burnout 的特定工作和个人需求，以及似乎可以减少 burnout 的工作和个人资源。本综述提供了一个解释职业倦怠在早期医疗专业人员中日益严重的问题的框架。然而，需要进一步的研究来克服目前对横断面设计和小样本量的依赖。
