Amini Mojtaba, Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali, Asghari Sayyad, Chavshin Ali Reza
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019 Mar 30;13(1):27-38. eCollection 2019 Mar.
West Nile fever, as an expanding zoonotic disease, has been reported from different creatures involved in the disease from Iran. In addition to biological mosquito-associated factors, various elements such as their activities, distribution, behavior and vectorial capacity could be affected by environmental factors. We determined the distribution of West Nile virus (WNV) vectors, the environmental factors affecting WNV transmission and the high-risk areas across West Azerbaijan Province (Northwestern Iran), regarding the potential of WNV transmission using Geographical Information System (GIS).
Mosquitoes' larvae and adults were collected from different habitats of the province in 2015 and identified using standard morphological keys. The data regarding the distribution of mosquitoes across the studied area were organized in ArcMap databases. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation analysis was conducted on the data of synoptic stations to find climatic variables in the collection sites of different mosquito species. Layers of transmission-related environmental factors were categorized and weighed based on their effects on disease transmission.
Overall, 2813 samples of different mosquito species from different regions of the province were collected and identified. According to the GIS analysis, areas in the northeastern province, which have lower altitudes and slopes with higher temperatures and more water bodies, were found to have better condition for the activity of mosquitoes (as high-risk areas: hot spots).
The precision of our results was proven to be in line with previous study results that identified high-risk areas, where WNV-infected vectors were captured from these same areas.
西尼罗河热作为一种不断蔓延的人畜共患病，在伊朗已从参与该疾病传播的不同生物体内被检测到。除了与蚊子相关的生物学因素外，诸如蚊子活动、分布、行为和传播能力等各种因素也可能受到环境因素的影响。我们利用地理信息系统（GIS），确定了西阿塞拜疆省（伊朗西北部）西尼罗河病毒（WNV）传播媒介的分布、影响WNV传播的环境因素以及高风险区域，以评估WNV传播的可能性。
2015年从该省不同栖息地采集了蚊子幼虫和成虫，并使用标准形态学方法进行鉴定。将研究区域内蚊子分布的数据整理到ArcMap数据库中。对气象站数据进行反距离加权（IDW）插值分析，以找出不同蚊种采集地点的气候变量。根据与疾病传播相关的环境因素对传播的影响，对各因素图层进行分类和加权。
总体而言，共采集并鉴定了该省不同地区的2813份不同蚊种样本。根据GIS分析，该省东北部海拔较低、坡度较小、温度较高且水体较多的地区，被发现具有更有利于蚊子活动的条件（作为高风险区域：热点地区）。
我们的结果精度被证明与先前研究结果一致，先前研究确定了高风险区域，且在这些相同区域捕获了感染WNV的传播媒介。
