Husen Martin, Jäger Marcus
Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinik Essen, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
Orthopade. 2019 Aug;48(8):711-724. doi: 10.1007/s00132-019-03780-z.
The spectacular doping raid during the Nordic World Ski Championships in Seefeld in winter this year is not the first time that illegal performance enhancement by taking drugs is in the spotlight of public interest. Kicked off by the so-called Festina scandal of the 1998 Tour de France, the serial exposure of further doping offences continues up to the present day. Less well-known to the general public is the high prevalence of doping under hobby and amateur athletes. Physicians are confronted by this group of patients in the practice much more frequently than by elite athletes, who are mostly treated in closed medical networks. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the medical aspects including the most frequent substance classes and the current legal foundations of the anti-doping movement. Furthermore, the official definition of doping and the structure of the anti-doping agencies are presented.
今年冬天在塞费尔德举行的北欧世界滑雪锦标赛期间发生的引人注目的兴奋剂突击检查事件，并非是使用药物非法提高成绩首次成为公众关注的焦点。以1998年环法自行车赛所谓的菲斯蒂纳丑闻为开端，直至今日，更多兴奋剂违规行为仍不断被接连曝光。普通大众不太了解的是，业余和非职业运动员中使用兴奋剂的现象十分普遍。在实际工作中，医生遇到这类患者的频率比遇到精英运动员的频率高得多，精英运动员大多在封闭的医疗体系中接受治疗。本文旨在概述兴奋剂问题的医学层面，包括最常见的药物种类以及当前反兴奋剂运动的法律基础。此外，还介绍了兴奋剂的官方定义以及反兴奋剂机构的架构。
