Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 25;16(15):2665. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152665.
Injuries in skiing show sex-specific differences, especially when visual perception is reduced. Reduced visual perception impairs balance, which plays an important role in avoiding skiing injuries. However, males and females might cope differently with reduced visual perception. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate sex-related effects of environmental perturbations (reduced visual perception and listening to music) on ski-specific balance. Using a crossover design, ski-specific balance was tested in 50 young adults (50% female) in four conditions: with and without listening to music and/or with and without reduced visual perception (ski goggles with occlusion foil). A four × two (condition by sex) mixed ANOVA revealed a significant condition by sex interaction, partial ² = 0.06. Females showed an increase in balance from the condition without music/with normal visual perception to the condition with music/with normal visual perception, while males showed a decrease. Balance was significantly higher in females compared to males, partial ² = 0.31. The findings suggest that balance is affected differently by environmental perturbations in females and males. However, the differences observed were not in line with our initial hypotheses, which might be because the model was too simplistic for how visual/auditory perturbations may affect balance.
滑雪受伤存在性别特异性差异，尤其是在视觉感知降低时。视觉感知降低会损害平衡，而平衡在避免滑雪受伤方面起着重要作用。然而，男性和女性可能会以不同的方式应对视觉感知降低的情况。因此，本研究旨在评估环境干扰（视觉感知降低和听音乐）对滑雪特定平衡的性别相关影响。使用交叉设计，在 50 名年轻成年人（50%为女性）中测试了滑雪特定平衡，他们处于四种条件下：听音乐和/或不看、不看和听音乐以及不看和看眼罩（眼罩上有遮光箔）。四因素×两因素（条件×性别）混合方差分析显示，条件与性别之间存在显著的交互作用，部分 ²=0.06。女性从无音乐/正常视觉感知条件到有音乐/正常视觉感知条件时平衡能力提高，而男性则下降。女性的平衡能力明显高于男性，部分 ²=0.31。研究结果表明，环境干扰对女性和男性的平衡能力有不同的影响。然而，观察到的差异与我们最初的假设不一致，这可能是因为我们的模型对于视觉/听觉干扰如何影响平衡过于简单化。
