Raschner Christian, Hildebrandt Carolin, Mohr Johanna, Müller Lisa
1 Department of Sport Science, 27255 University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria.
Percept Mot Skills. 2017 Dec;124(6):1134-1150. doi: 10.1177/0031512517730730. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Although balance is a key ability in the strength demands of alpine ski racing, affecting both performance and injury prevention, few studies have examined balance or related sex differences among still-maturing athletes. In this 10-year study, we investigated cross-sectional balance performances at different age periods of a representative sample of over 500 11-18-year-old elite skiers of both genders. Participants performed balance tests using the MFT S3-Check. Left-right and forward-backward movements were used to calculate sensory and symmetry balance scores, which were both incorporated into a stability score. Mann-Whitney U tests assessed gender-specific differences by age-group with a significance level set at p < .05. Results showed gender differences only on forward-backward measurements for 14-16-year-olds, with females showing better stability and sensory (but not symmetry) scores than males. Thus, gender interacted with age and maturation to influence balance ability in these participants. Additionally, these rare 10-year data support coaches in their training and talent development of maturing athletes by providing important sport-, age-, and gender-specific normative comparison data for individual trainees.
尽管平衡能力是高山滑雪比赛力量需求中的一项关键能力，对成绩和预防受伤都有影响，但很少有研究考察仍在成长中的运动员的平衡能力或相关的性别差异。在这项为期10年的研究中，我们调查了500多名11至18岁男女精英滑雪运动员的代表性样本在不同年龄段的横断面平衡表现。参与者使用MFT S3-Check进行平衡测试。左右和前后移动用于计算感觉平衡分数和对称平衡分数，这两个分数都纳入一个稳定性分数。曼-惠特尼U检验按年龄组评估性别差异，显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。结果显示，仅在14至16岁青少年的前后测量中存在性别差异，女性的稳定性和感觉（而非对称）分数比男性更好。因此，性别与年龄和成熟度相互作用，影响了这些参与者的平衡能力。此外，这些难得的10年数据通过为个体受训者提供重要的特定运动、年龄和性别的规范比较数据，支持教练对成长中运动员的训练和人才培养。
