AKR2A participates in the regulation of cotton fibre development by modulating biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids.

The biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their transport are required for fibre development. However, whether other regulatory factors are involved in this process is unknown. We report here that overexpression of an Arabidopsis gene ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2A (AKR2A) in cotton promotes fibre elongation. RNA-Seq analysis was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of AKR2A in regulating cotton fibre development. The VLCFA content and the ratio of VLCFAs to short-chain fatty acids increased in AKR2A transgenic lines. In addition, AKR2A promotes fibre elongation by regulating ethylene and synergizing with the accumulation of auxin and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis of RNA-Seq data indicates that AKR2A up-regulates transcript levels of genes involved in VLCFAs' biosynthesis, ethylene biosynthesis, auxin and hydrogen peroxide signalling, cell wall and cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, AKR2A interacted with KCS1 in Arabidopsis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the VLCFA content and the ratio of VLCFAs to short-chain fatty acids increased significantly in seeds of AKR2A-overexpressing lines and AKR2A/KCS1 co-overexpressing lines, while AKR2A mutants are the opposite trend. Our results uncover a novel cotton fibre growth mechanism by which the critical regulator AKR2A promotes fibre development via activating hormone signalling cascade by mediating VLCFA biosynthesis. This study provides a potential candidate gene for improving fibre yield and quality through genetic engineering.