Olkkola K T, Maunuksela E L, Korpela R, Rosenberg P H
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1988 Aug;44(2):128-36. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1988.127.
The pharmacokinetics of intravenous morphine were determined in three groups (0 to 1/2, 2 to 4, and 6 years) of children and related to the respiratory rate, arterial PCO2, and postoperative analgesia. With respect to pharmacokinetics, children seem to mature very early, because in patients aged 5 to 6 months corresponding parameters similar to those in adults were encountered. The two youngest patients (11 days and 2.4 months) diverged clearly from the others. Their mean plasma clearance of morphine was 5.2 ml/min/kg and volume of the central compartment was 0.36 L/kg. In the other patients the clearance ranged from 25.8 to 75.6 ml/min/kg and volume of central compartment from 0.67 to 2.07 L/kg, respectively. The mean analgetic concentration of morphine was 26.2 micrograms/L in the youngest group and 3.8 micrograms/L in the other patients. The effect of morphine on respiration was similar in all groups and did not differ from that of adults. The respiratory depressant effect of morphine in the two youngest patients was not analyzed.
在三组儿童（0至1/2岁、2至4岁和6岁）中测定了静脉注射吗啡的药代动力学，并将其与呼吸频率、动脉血二氧化碳分压及术后镇痛相关联。就药代动力学而言，儿童似乎成熟得很早，因为在5至6个月大的患者中遇到了与成年人相似的相应参数。两名最年幼的患者（11天和2.4个月）与其他患者明显不同。他们吗啡的平均血浆清除率为5.2毫升/分钟/千克，中央室容积为0.36升/千克。在其他患者中，清除率分别为25.8至75.6毫升/分钟/千克，中央室容积为0.67至2.07升/千克。最年幼组吗啡的平均镇痛浓度为26.2微克/升，其他患者为3.8微克/升。吗啡对呼吸的影响在所有组中相似，与成年人无异。未分析吗啡对两名最年幼患者的呼吸抑制作用。
