Medina Loreta, Abellán Antonio, Desfilis Ester
Department of Experimental Medicine, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida - Fundació Dr. Pifarré (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Front Physiol. 2019 Jul 12;10:894. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00894. eCollection 2019.
Birds are extremely interesting animals for studying the neurobiological basis of cognition and its evolution. They include species that are highly social and show high cognitive capabilities. Moreover, birds rely more on visual and auditory cues than on olfaction for social behavior and cognition, just like primates. In primates, there are two major brain networks associated to sociality: (1) one related to perception and decision-making, involving the pallial amygdala (with the basolateral complex as a major component), the temporal and temporoparietal neocortex, and the orbitofrontal cortex; (2) another one related to affiliation, including the medial extended amygdala, the ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, the ventromedial striatum (largely nucleus accumbens), and the ventromedial hypothalamus. In this account, we used an evolutionary developmental neurobiology approach, in combination with published comparative connectivity and functional data, to identify areas and functional networks in the sauropsidian brain comparable to those of mammals that are related to decision-making and affiliation. Both in mammals and sauropsids, there is an important interaction between these networks by way of cross projections between areas of both systems.
鸟类是研究认知的神经生物学基础及其进化的极其有趣的动物。它们包括高度社会化且具有高认知能力的物种。此外，与灵长类动物一样，鸟类在社会行为和认知方面更多地依赖视觉和听觉线索，而非嗅觉。在灵长类动物中，有两个与社会性相关的主要脑网络：（1）一个与感知和决策相关，涉及脑 pallial 杏仁核（以基底外侧复合体为主要组成部分）、颞叶和颞顶叶新皮层以及眶额皮层；（2）另一个与情感联系相关，包括内侧扩展杏仁核、腹内侧前额叶和前扣带回皮层、腹内侧纹状体（主要是伏隔核）以及腹内侧下丘脑。在本报告中，我们采用进化发育神经生物学方法，结合已发表的比较连接性和功能数据，来确定蜥形纲动物大脑中与哺乳动物中与决策和情感联系相关的区域和功能网络相当的区域。在哺乳动物和蜥形纲动物中，这两个网络之间都通过两个系统区域之间的交叉投射存在重要的相互作用。
