Herold Christina, Ockermann Philipp N, Amunts Katrin
C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2022 May 4;13:883029. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.883029. eCollection 2022.
Learning and memory are linked to dynamic changes at the level of synapses in brain areas that are involved in cognitive tasks. For example, changes in neurotransmitter receptors are prerequisite for tuning signals along local circuits and long-range networks. However, it is still unclear how a series of learning events promotes plasticity within the system of neurotransmitter receptors and their subunits to shape information processing at the neuronal level. Therefore, we investigated the expression of different glutamatergic NMDA () and AMPA () receptor subunits, the GABAergic subunit, dopaminergic , serotonergic and noradrenergic receptors in the pigeon's brain. We studied the nidopallium caudolaterale, the avian analogue of the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampal formation, after training the birds in a rewarded stimulus-response association (SR) task and in a simultaneous-matching-to-sample (SMTS) task. The results show that receptor expression changed differentially after behavioral training compared to an untrained control group. In the nidopallium caudolaterale, , , , , and receptor expression was altered after SR training and remained constantly decreased after the SMTS training protocol, while and decreased only under the SR condition. In the hippocampal formation, decreased and receptor expression increased after SR training. After SMTS sessions, remained decreased, remained increased if compared to the control group. None of the investigated receptors differed directly between both conditions, although differentially altered. The changes in both regions mostly occur in favor of the stimulus response task. Thus, the present data provide evidence that neurotransmitter receptor expression dynamics play a role in the avian prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal formation for behavioral training and is uniquely, regionally and functionally associated to cognitive processes including learning and memory.
学习和记忆与参与认知任务的脑区突触水平的动态变化相关联。例如，神经递质受体的变化是调节局部回路和长程网络信号的先决条件。然而，一系列学习事件如何促进神经递质受体及其亚基系统内的可塑性以在神经元水平塑造信息处理仍不清楚。因此，我们研究了鸽子脑中不同的谷氨酸能N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸（AMPA）受体亚基、γ-氨基丁酸能GABAA亚基、多巴胺能D1、5-羟色胺能5-HT2A和去甲肾上腺素能α1受体的表达。在对鸟类进行奖励性刺激-反应关联（SR）任务和同时匹配样本（SMTS）任务训练后，我们研究了尾外侧巢皮质（前额叶皮质的鸟类类似物）和海马结构。结果表明，与未训练的对照组相比，行为训练后受体表达有差异地变化。在尾外侧巢皮质中，D1、D2、α1、5-HT2A、GABAA和AMPA受体表达在SR训练后发生改变，并且在SMTS训练方案后持续下降，而GABAB和mGluR1仅在SR条件下下降。在海马结构中，SR训练后GABAA下降而AMPA受体表达增加。在SMTS训练后，GABAA仍然下降，与对照组相比AMPA仍然增加。尽管有差异地改变，但所研究的受体在两种条件之间没有直接差异。两个区域的变化大多有利于刺激反应任务。因此，目前的数据提供了证据，表明神经递质受体表达动态在鸟类前额叶皮质和海马结构中对行为训练起作用，并且与包括学习和记忆在内的认知过程具有独特的、区域的和功能的关联。
