Schwertner Debora Soccal, Oliveira Raul A N S, Koerich Micheline H A L, Motta Andréa Fontoura, Pimenta Adriana Lima, Gioda Fabiane Rosa
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Laboratory of Motor Behaviour, Postgraduate Program of Human Kinetics Faculty, University of Lisbon, UL, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;33(2):233-244. doi: 10.3233/BMR-170821.
Low back pain (LBP) has become increasingly common, but the prevalence of this complaint and associated factors in young people remains controversial.
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of LBP and to explore the existence of associated factors (sex, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, sleep, body mass index and waist circumference).
This study considered all complaints of the lumbar region (acute or chronic) as LBP, which can irradiate to the backside and legs, lasting a minimum of 24 hours. Youngsters aged 15 to 18 years from a school in the south of Brazil were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was used, in particular Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U tests and binary logistic regression. A significance level of p< 0.05 was adopted.
A total of 330 youngsters answered a questionnaire and had their anthropometric measurements measured (response rate 84%). The prevalence of LBP in the present was 30%, quarterly 63% and throughout life 77%. There was a significant association between LBP and sex: girls have an increased risk of LBP in the last three-month period (PR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.06-1.56) and throughout life (PR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.04-1.43). The practice of physical activities was also associated with LBP, but as a protection factor in the present and in the last three-month period (PR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.47-0.90). Physical education at school has demonstrated a protective factor regarding LBP throughout life (PR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.77-0.97). Most of the students did not comply with recommendations related to sleep and time spent doing activities in front of a screen, and no association of these factors with LBP was detected. This exposure (physical activity, sleep time, sedentarism) did not present significant association with LBP when adjusted by the confusion factors (sex, age, BMI).
Youngsters reported a high prevalence of LBP. Girls were at greater risk of LBP than boys. It is recommended that prevention strategies focus on the practices of physical activities and scholar physical education. No association of LBP with sedentary lifestyle (TV and computer use time, sleep time), anthropometric measures and sleeping duration was observed.
腰痛（LBP）日益普遍，但年轻人中这种症状的患病率及相关因素仍存在争议。
本研究旨在确定腰痛的患病率，并探讨相关因素（性别、体育活动、久坐生活方式、睡眠、体重指数和腰围）的存在情况。
本研究将所有腰部区域的症状（急性或慢性）视为腰痛，疼痛可放射至背部和腿部，持续至少24小时。对巴西南部一所学校15至18岁的青少年进行了评估。采用描述性统计，特别是卡方检验、曼-惠特尼U检验和二元逻辑回归。采用p<0.05的显著性水平。
共有330名青少年回答了问卷并进行了人体测量（回复率84%）。当前腰痛患病率为30%，季度患病率为63%，终生患病率为77%。腰痛与性别之间存在显著关联：女孩在过去三个月期间（PR = 1.3，95%CI 1.06 - 1.56）和终生（PR = 1.2，95%CI 1.04 - 1.43）患腰痛的风险增加。体育活动的开展也与腰痛有关，但在当前和过去三个月期间是一个保护因素（PR = 0.7，95%CI 0.47 - 0.90）。学校的体育教育在终生方面显示出对腰痛的保护因素（PR = 0.9，95%CI 0.77 - 0.97）。大多数学生未遵守与睡眠和在屏幕前活动时间相关的建议，且未检测到这些因素与腰痛之间的关联。在通过混淆因素（性别、年龄、体重指数）进行调整后，这种暴露（体育活动、睡眠时间、久坐）与腰痛之间未呈现显著关联。
青少年报告的腰痛患病率较高。女孩患腰痛的风险高于男孩。建议预防策略侧重于体育活动和学校体育教育的开展。未观察到腰痛与久坐生活方式（看电视和使用电脑时间、睡眠时间）、人体测量指标和睡眠时长之间的关联。
