[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy--a possibility for enteral feeding of patients with severe cerebral dysfunctions].

Patients who are unable to be adequately nourished owing to cerebral dysfunction do not tolerate nasogastric tubes for enteral nutrition well. They are threatened by active or passive dislocation of the tube into the oesophagus with subsequent aspiration. Although these risks are minimized by percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG), aspiration cannot be completely prevented even when this method of feeding is employed. Enteral nutrition was provided by PEG in 33 patients with different cerebral disorders. PEG was indicated when adequate oral intake of food and fluids proved impossible 8 to 12 days after an acute hypoxaemic cerebrovascular event. 3 of 23 patients who had suffered a stroke, 2 of 8 patients with hypoxaemic brain damage and 3 of 5 patients with decompensated cerebral sclerosis regained the ability to eat between the 21st and 50th day of treatment, so that the gastrostomy could be dispensed with. The other patients died of their severe underlying disease. 6 patients aspirated. In 2 cases this complication occurred during acute aggravation of the underlying disease after several weeks of satisfactory enteral tube feeding. 2 patients aspirated after returning to oral nutrition, whereby feeding was certainly implicated in 1 patient and probable in the other patient. PEG enables adequate enteral nutrition of patients with severe neurological impairment. The advantages of PEG over parenteral nutrition are fewer complications, lower costs and, above all, its superiority in meeting physiological requirements.