Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia.
Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2019 Sep;237:112428. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112428. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
Media coverage plays a key role in shaping public and political attitudes towards policy interventions to improve health. We reviewed studies of news media to identify the arguments used to frame policies that address risk factors for chronic disease, and the impact of different arguments on attitudes to policy. Drawing on a previous scoping review, we identified a subsample of 49 studies of media framing of policies to address risk factors for lifestyle-related chronic disease for further analysis. We extracted and synthesised data to explore key themes. Of the limited research that has been undertaken, most studies have focused on tobacco policy, followed by alcohol, with a small number of studies of food and beverage policies. Studies have primarily used content analysis. Our synthesis demonstrated that advocates and opponents draw on five frames: health, social, economic, practical and ideological. Only a small number of studies have examined the impact of framing on public attitudes towards policy interventions, although such studies have tended to focus on the impact of how problems, rather than solutions (i.e. policies) are framed. Media research is crucial to understanding the complex ways in which attitudes towards policy interventions shape, and are shaped by, public discourses and can provide public health advocates with insights into strategies to successfully position policy arguments. This review highlights key insights and gaps in the hope that this will stimulate further research that will enhance public health advocates' abilities to promote effective public health policy.
媒体报道在塑造公众和政治态度方面对于改善健康的政策干预起着关键作用。我们回顾了新闻媒体的研究，以确定用于构建解决慢性病风险因素政策的论点，以及不同论点对政策态度的影响。根据之前的范围审查，我们确定了进一步分析的 49 项针对生活方式相关慢性病风险因素政策的媒体框架研究的子样本。我们提取和综合数据以探索关键主题。在已经进行的有限研究中，大多数研究都集中在烟草政策上，其次是酒精政策，只有少数研究涉及食品和饮料政策。这些研究主要使用内容分析法。我们的综合分析表明，提倡者和反对者援引了五个框架：健康、社会、经济、实际和意识形态。只有少数研究考察了框架对公众对政策干预态度的影响，尽管此类研究往往侧重于如何构建问题，而不是解决方案（即政策）。媒体研究对于理解公众对政策干预的态度如何塑造和受公众话语的影响至关重要，并为公共卫生倡导者提供了有关成功定位政策论点的策略的见解。本综述强调了关键的见解和差距，希望这将激发进一步的研究，增强公共卫生倡导者促进有效公共卫生政策的能力。
