Ghaju Shrestha Rajani, Tanaka Yasuhiro, Sherchand Jeevan B, Haramoto Eiji
Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
Pathogens. 2019 Jul 26;8(3):110. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8030110.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and five associated virulence genes (, , , , and ) in water samples in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. A total of 286 samples were collected from deep tube wells ( = 30), rivers ( = 14), a pond ( = 1), shallow dug wells ( = 166), shallow tube wells ( = 33), springs ( = 21), and stone spouts ( = 21) in February and March (dry season) and August (wet season), 2016. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the water samples and subjected to SYBR Green-based quantitative PCR for 16S rRNA and virulence genes of . The 16S rRNA gene of was detected in 36% (40/112) of samples collected in the dry season, at concentrations ranging from 5.7 to 10.2 log copies/100 mL, and 34% (59/174) of samples collected in the wet season, at concentrations of 5.4-10.8 log copies/100 mL. No significant difference in 16S rRNA gene-positive results was observed between samples collected in the two seasons ( > 0.05). Seventeen (17%), 84 (84%), 19 (19%), 23 (23%), and 17 (17%) of the 99 16S rRNA gene-positive samples were also positive for , , , , and , respectively. At least one virulence gene was detected in 87 (88%) of the 99 16S rRNA gene-positive samples. The presence of and the virulence genes in these samples illustrates the persistence of pathogenic bacteria in the environment and highlights the importance of regular monitoring of water for pathogens.
本研究旨在确定尼泊尔加德满都谷地水样中[具体细菌名称未给出]以及五个相关毒力基因（[基因名称未给出]、[基因名称未给出]、[基因名称未给出]、[基因名称未给出]和[基因名称未给出]）的流行情况。2016年2月和3月（旱季）以及8月（雨季），从深管井（n = 30）、河流（n = 14）、一个池塘（n = 1）、浅井（n = 166）、浅管井（n = 33）、泉水（n = 21）和石嘴（n = 21）共采集了286份水样。从水样中提取细菌DNA，并对[具体细菌名称未给出]的16S rRNA和毒力基因进行基于SYBR Green的定量PCR检测。在旱季采集的样本中，36%（40/112）检测到[具体细菌名称未给出]的16S rRNA基因，浓度范围为5.7至10.2 log拷贝/100 mL；在雨季采集的样本中，34%（59/174）检测到该基因，浓度为5.4 - 10.8 log拷贝/100 mL。两个季节采集的样本中16S rRNA基因阳性结果无显著差异（P>0.05）。99份16S rRNA基因阳性样本中，分别有17份（17%）、84份（84%）、19份（19%）、23份（23%）和17份（17%）同时对[基因名称未给出]、[基因名称未给出]、[基因名称未给出]、[基因名称未给出]和[基因名称未给出]呈阳性。在99份16S rRNA基因阳性样本中，87份（88%）检测到至少一种毒力基因。这些样本中[具体细菌名称未给出]及其毒力基因的存在表明病原菌在环境中的持久性，并突出了定期监测水体中病原体的重要性。
