Tandukar Sarmila, Sherchand Jeevan B, Karki Surendra, Malla Bikash, Ghaju Shrestha Rajani, Bhandari Dinesh, Thakali Ocean, Haramoto Eiji
Department of Natural, Biotic and Social Environment Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 1524, Nepal.
Healthcare (Basel). 2019 Jan 13;7(1):9. doi: 10.3390/healthcare7010009.
Enteric viruses are highly contagious and a major cause of waterborne gastroenteritis in children younger than five years of age in developing world. This study examined the prevalence of enteric virus infection in children with gastroenteritis to identify risk factors for co-infections. In total, 107 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis along with samples of their household drinking water and other possible contamination sources, such as food and hand. The presence of major gastroenteritis-causing enteric virus species (group A rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses of genogroup I) in stool and water samples was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among the 107 stool samples tested, 103 (96%) samples contained at least one of the four tested enteric viruses, and the combination of group A rotaviruses and enteroviruses was the most common co-infection (52%, = 54/103). At least one viral agent was detected in 16 (16%) of 103 drinking water samples. Identical enteric viruses were detected in both the stool and water samples taken from the same patients in 13% of cases ( = 13/103). Group A rotaviruses were most frequently found in children suffering from acute diarrhea. No socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with the risk of co-infection compared with mono-infection. These less commonly diagnosed viral etiological agents in hospitals are highly prevalent in patients with acute gastroenteritis.
肠道病毒具有高度传染性，是发展中世界五岁以下儿童水源性肠胃炎的主要病因。本研究调查了肠胃炎患儿肠道病毒感染的流行情况，以确定合并感染的危险因素。总共从急性肠胃炎患者中采集了107份粪便样本，以及他们家庭饮用水和其他可能的污染源样本，如食物和手。使用定量聚合酶链反应检测粪便和水样中主要引起肠胃炎的肠道病毒种类（A组轮状病毒、肠道病毒、腺病毒和I型诺如病毒）。在检测的107份粪便样本中，103份（96%）样本至少含有四种检测的肠道病毒中的一种，A组轮状病毒和肠道病毒的组合是最常见的合并感染（52%，n = 54/103）。在103份饮用水样本中，16份（16%）检测到至少一种病毒病原体。13%的病例（n = 13/103）在同一患者的粪便和水样中检测到相同的肠道病毒。A组轮状病毒在急性腹泻患儿中最常见。与单一感染相比，没有社会人口统计学和临床因素与合并感染风险相关。这些在医院中较少被诊断出的病毒病原体在急性肠胃炎患者中高度流行。
