Research Centre, Central Administration, The Maldives National University (MNU), Rahdhebai Hingun, Machangoalhi, 20371, Male, Maldives.
Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, - St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Sep;26(26):26449-26471. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05992-4. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
The biosphere is polluted with metals due to burning of fossil fuels, pesticides, fertilizers, and mining. The metals interfere with soil conservations such as contaminating aqueous waste streams and groundwater, and the evidence of this has been recorded since 1900. Heavy metals also impact human health; therefore, the emancipation of the environment from these environmental pollutants is critical. Traditionally, techniques to remove these metals include soil washing, removal, and excavation. Metal-accumulating plants could be utilized to remove these metal pollutants which would be an alternative option that would simultaneously benefit commercially and at the same time clean the environment from these pollutants. Commercial application of pollutant metals includes biofortification, phytomining, phytoremediation, and intercropping. This review discusses about the metal-accumulating plants, mechanism of metal accumulation, enhancement of metal accumulation, potential commercial applications, research trends, and research progress to enhance the metal accumulation, benefits, and limitations of metal accumulators. The review identified that the metal accumulator plants only survive in low or medium polluted environments with heavy metals. Also, more research is required about metal accumulators in terms of genetics, breeding potential, agronomics, and the disease spectrum. Moreover, metal accumulators' ability to uptake metals need to be optimized by enhancing metal transportation, transformation, tolerance to toxicity, and volatilization in the plant. This review would benefit the industries and environment management authorities as it provides up-to-date research information about the metal accumulators, limitation of the technology, and what could be done to improve the metal enhancement in the future.
由于化石燃料燃烧、农药、化肥和采矿，生物圈受到金属污染。这些金属干扰了土壤的保护，例如污染水废物流和地下水，自 1900 年以来，这方面的证据已经被记录下来。重金属也会影响人类健康；因此，将这些环境污染物从环境中解放出来至关重要。传统上，去除这些金属的技术包括土壤洗涤、去除和挖掘。可以利用金属积累植物来去除这些金属污染物，这将是一种替代方案，既能同时有益于商业，又能从环境中清除这些污染物。污染物金属的商业应用包括生物强化、植物修复、植物修复和间作。这篇综述讨论了金属积累植物、金属积累机制、金属积累的增强、潜在的商业应用、研究趋势和研究进展，以增强金属积累、益处和金属积累器的局限性。该综述确定金属积累植物仅在重金属的低污染或中污染环境中存活。此外，还需要对金属积累者在遗传学、育种潜力、农艺学和疾病谱方面进行更多的研究。此外，还需要通过增强金属在植物中的运输、转化、对毒性的耐受性和挥发能力来优化金属积累者对金属的吸收能力。该综述将使工业界和环境管理当局受益，因为它提供了有关金属积累者的最新研究信息、技术的局限性以及未来可以采取哪些措施来提高金属增强效果。
