Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019 Sep;119(9):2095-2103. doi: 10.1007/s00421-019-04198-3. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
Heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Regular aerobic exercise can improve HRR, yet little is known regarding the dose necessary to promote increases. The aim was to assess the impact of different doses of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise on HRR in individuals with overweight/obesity.
Data from 137 sedentary adults with overweight/obesity from E-MECHANIC were analyzed. Participants were randomized to either a moderate-dose exercise group (8 kcal/kg body weight/week; KKW), a high-dose exercise group (20 KKW), or a non-exercise control group. HRR was defined as the difference between peak heart rate (HR) during a graded exercise test and the HR after exactly 1 min of active recovery at 1.5 mph and level grade.
Change in HRR did not differ significantly by exercise group; therefore, the data from both exercise groups were combined. The combined exercise group showed an improvement in HRR of 2.7 bpm (95% CI 0.1, 5.4; p = 0.04) compared to the control group. Those participants who lost more weight during the intervention (non-compensators) increased HRR by 6.2 bpm (95% CI 2.8, 9.5; p < 0.01) compared to those who lost less weight (compensators). Multiple linear regression models indicated that improvements in HRR are independently associated with increases in VO (β = 0.4; 95% CI 0.1, 0.7; p = 0.04) but also influenced by concomitant weight loss (β = 0.6; 95% CI 0.2, 1.1; p = 0.01).
Exercise-induced improvements in 1-min HRR are likely due to increases in cardiorespiratory fitness as well as concomitant weight loss.
运动后的心率恢复（HRR）是心血管疾病和死亡率的独立危险因素。有规律的有氧运动可以改善 HRR，但对于促进 HRR 增加所需的剂量知之甚少。本研究旨在评估不同剂量的剧烈强度有氧运动对超重/肥胖个体 HRR 的影响。
对 E-MECHANIC 中 137 名久坐的超重/肥胖成年人的数据进行了分析。参与者被随机分配到中等剂量运动组（8 Kcal/kg 体重/周；KKW）、高剂量运动组（20 KKW）或非运动对照组。HRR 定义为在分级运动试验中达到的峰值心率（HR）与在 1.5 英里/小时和水平等级下主动恢复 1 分钟后的 HR 之间的差异。
HRR 的变化在运动组之间没有显著差异；因此，将两个运动组的数据合并。与对照组相比，联合运动组的 HRR 改善了 2.7 bpm（95%CI 0.1, 5.4；p=0.04）。在干预过程中体重减轻更多的参与者（非补偿者）的 HRR 增加了 6.2 bpm（95%CI 2.8, 9.5；p<0.01），而体重减轻较少的参与者（补偿者）的 HRR 增加了 6.2 bpm（95%CI 2.8, 9.5；p<0.01）。多元线性回归模型表明，HRR 的改善与 VO 的增加独立相关（β=0.4；95%CI 0.1, 0.7；p=0.04），但也受到体重减轻的影响（β=0.6；95%CI 0.2, 1.1；p=0.01）。
1 分钟 HRR 的运动诱导改善可能是由于心肺功能的提高以及伴随的体重减轻。
