Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío Arenal, CP 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 May;195(1):226-238. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01845-w. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
Chapala, the largest lake in Mexico, has a great potential for aquaculture and a community of some 2500 fishermen who are interested in this activity. However, diverse reports over the past two decades suggest that the fish there are contaminated with heavy metals, raising concern among consumers. Although more recent scientific studies have clarified that the metal content in the edible parts of fish is below allowable limits, the negative perception persists. The present study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the bioaccumulation of the metals Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Cd in organs such as the muscles, liver, and gills of carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultured in Lake Chapala, and compared the results to fish cultured in a pond. Results after 473 days of monitoring showed that metal bioaccumulation in the muscles of the carp increased by 1.71, 0.50, and 12.36 μg/kg for Cu, Cd, and Pb, respectively, but Zn and As levels decreased by 7.84 and 131.7 μg/kg, respectively. The livers showed concentrations one or two times higher than the muscles in the case of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd. According to these results, the metal concentrations in the edible parts of these fish were below international standards for human consumption, and no significant differences were found between the bioaccumulation patterns in the muscles and livers of the carp cultured in the lake and those raised in the pond, except for Cd and Pb in the liver. Finally, no correlations were found between metal concentrations in the fish and lake sediments.
查帕拉湖是墨西哥最大的湖泊，具有巨大的水产养殖潜力，当地有一个约 2500 名渔民的社区对这项活动感兴趣。然而，过去二十年来的各种报告表明，那里的鱼类受到重金属污染，这引起了消费者的担忧。尽管最近的科学研究已经澄清，鱼类可食用部分的金属含量低于允许的限度，但这种负面看法仍然存在。因此，本研究旨在评估在查帕拉湖养殖的鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）的肌肉、肝脏和鳃等器官中 Cu、Zn、Pb、As 和 Cd 等金属的生物累积情况，并将结果与在池塘中养殖的鱼类进行比较。经过 473 天的监测，结果表明，鲤鱼肌肉中的金属生物累积量分别增加了 1.71、0.50 和 12.36μg/kg，Cu、Cd 和 Pb 的含量分别增加了 7.84 和 131.7μg/kg，Zn 和 As 的含量分别减少了 7.84 和 131.7μg/kg。肝脏中的金属浓度比肌肉中的浓度高 1 到 2 倍，在 Pb、Cu、Zn 和 Cd 的情况下。根据这些结果，这些鱼类可食用部分的金属浓度低于国际人类消费标准，在湖中养殖和池塘养殖的鲤鱼肌肉和肝脏中的生物累积模式没有显著差异，除了肝脏中的 Cd 和 Pb。最后，鱼体和湖底沉积物中的金属浓度之间没有相关性。
