Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A., General Batet 1-7, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Sep;26(27):28270-28283. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06018-9. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
The degradation of priority substances (Directive 2013/39/UE and Watch List) by chlorine dioxide (ClO) and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located near Barcelona (NE Spain) were investigated. For the first time, the reactivity with ClO of several compounds frequently found at the entrance of the DWTP such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid was evaluated in both simulated and real conditions. To identify potential DBPs, experiments were performed at laboratory scale by simulating the operational disinfection conditions in the DWTP. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) working in full scan and target-MS/HRMS modes was used for the identification of the generated DBPs. Several new DBPs were found, three from erythromycin, one from clarithromycin, two from chlorpyrifos, and one from imidacloprid. Then, the presence and behavior through DWTP treatment of priority substances and their DBPs were investigated in order to evaluate their generation in real working conditions. Two of the potential DBPs, anhydroerythromycin, and N-desmethyl clarithromycin were already identified in the raw water of DWTP, but N-desmethyl clarithromycin was also generated after the chlorine dioxide treatment step. Both compounds were eliminated by the treatments applied in the DWTP; anhydroerythromycin was eliminated after ozonation in the upgraded conventional treatment and after reverse osmosis in the advanced treatment while N-desmethyl clarithromycin is recalcitrant in the upgraded conventional treatment, but it was eliminated by reverse osmosis.
二氧化氯（ClO）对优先物质（指令 2013/39/UE 和观察清单）的降解作用，以及位于巴塞罗那附近（西班牙东北部）的饮用水处理厂（DWTP）中消毒副产物（DBPs）的形成，均已得到研究。这是首次评估了几种在 DWTP 入口处经常发现的化合物与 ClO 的反应性，这些化合物包括红霉素、克拉霉素、毒死蜱和吡虫啉，分别在模拟和实际条件下进行了评估。为了鉴定潜在的 DBPs，在实验室规模下进行了实验，通过模拟 DWTP 中的操作消毒条件。采用全扫描和目标-MS/HRMS 模式的液相色谱-高分辨率质谱（LC-HRMS）用于生成 DBPs 的鉴定。发现了几种新的 DBPs，其中 3 种来自红霉素，1 种来自克拉霉素，2 种来自毒死蜱，1 种来自吡虫啉。然后，研究了优先物质及其 DBPs 通过 DWTP 处理的存在和行为，以评估它们在实际工作条件下的生成情况。两种潜在的 DBPs，脱水红霉素和 N-去甲基克拉霉素，已经在 DWTP 的原水中被鉴定出来，但在二氧化氯处理步骤之后，也生成了 N-去甲基克拉霉素。这两种化合物均被 DWTP 中应用的处理方法所消除；脱水红霉素在升级常规处理中的臭氧氧化和先进处理中的反渗透后被消除，而 N-去甲基克拉霉素在升级常规处理中具有抗降解性，但在反渗透后被消除。
