Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2019 Jul 17;86(1):e1-e12. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1724.
Several types of odours are involved in the location of host animals by tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae), a vector of animal African trypanosomiasis. Host animals' ageing urine has been shown to be the source of a phenolic blend attractive to the tsetse. Nevertheless, limited research has been performed on the microbial communities' role in the production of phenols. This study aimed at profiling bacterial communities mediating the production of tsetse attractive phenols in mammalian urine. Urine samples were collected from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), cattle (Bos taurus) and eland (Taurotragus oryx) at Kongoni Game Valley Ranch and Kenyatta University in Kenya. Urine samples, of each animal species, were pooled and left open to age in ambient conditions. Bacteriological and phenols analyses were then carried out, at 4 days ageing intervals, for 24 days. Phenols analysis revealed nine volatile phenols: 4-cresol, ortho-cresol, 3-cresol, phenol, 3-ethylphenol, 3-propylphenol, 2-methyloxyphenol, 4-ethylphenol and 4-propylphenol. Eight out of 19 bacterial isolates from the ageing urine revealed the potential to mediate production of phenols. 16S rRNA gene characterisation of the isolates closely resembled Enterococcus faecalis KUB3006, Psychrobacter alimentarius PAMC 27887, Streptococcus agalactiae 2603V, Morganella morganii sub.sp. morganii KT, Micrococcus luteus NCTC2665, Planococcus massiliensis strain ES2, Ochrobactrum pituitosum AA2 and Enterococcus faecalis OGIRF. This study established that some of the phenols emitted from mammalian urine, which influence the tsetse's host-seeking behaviour, are well characterised by certain bacteria. These results may allow the development of biotechnological models in vector control that combines the use of these bacteria in the controlled release of semiochemicals.
几种气味类型参与了采采蝇（双翅目：舌蝇科）对动物非洲锥虫病的宿主动物的定位。已经表明，老化的宿主动物尿液是吸引采采蝇的酚类混合物的来源。然而，对微生物群落在酚类产生中的作用的研究有限。本研究旨在分析介导哺乳动物尿液中采采蝇有吸引力的酚类产生的细菌群落。尿液样本取自肯尼亚 Kongoni Game Valley Ranch 和肯雅塔大学的非洲野牛（Syncerus caffer）、牛（Bos taurus）和大羚羊（Taurotragus oryx）。对每个动物物种的尿液样本进行混合并在环境条件下老化。然后，在 24 天的时间内，每隔 4 天进行细菌学和酚类分析。酚类分析显示出 9 种挥发性酚类：4-甲酚、邻甲酚、3-甲酚、苯酚、3-乙基苯酚、3-丙基苯酚、2-甲氧基苯酚、4-乙基苯酚和 4-丙基苯酚。从老化尿液中分离出的 19 个细菌分离株中有 8 个显示出产生酚类的潜力。分离株的 16S rRNA 基因特征与粪肠球菌 KUB3006、食冷杆菌 PAMC 27887、无乳链球菌 2603V、摩氏摩根菌 Morganella morganii sub.sp. morganii KT、微球菌 luteus NCTC2665、马赛棒杆菌 Planococcus massiliensis strain ES2、pituitosum Ochrobactrum AA2 和粪肠球菌 OGIRF 密切相关。本研究证实，一些从哺乳动物尿液中散发出来的影响采采蝇宿主寻找行为的酚类物质是由某些细菌很好地描述的。这些结果可能允许在媒介控制中开发生物技术模型，该模型将这些细菌结合在半化学物质的控制释放中使用。
