Yang Seung Hak, Ahn Hee Kwon, Kim Bong Soo, Chang Sun Sik, Chung Ki Yong, Lee Eun Mi, Ki Kwang Seok, Kwon Eung Gi
Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea.
Department of Animal Biosystems Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2017 Nov;30(11):1660-1666. doi: 10.5713/ajas.17.0553. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Burial is associated with environmental effects such as the contamination of ground or surface water with biological materials generated during the decomposition process. Therefore, bacterial communities in leachates originating from the decomposing bovine carcasses were investigated.
To understand the process of bovine (Hanwoo) carcass decomposition, we simulated burial using a lab-scale reactor with a volume of 5.15 m3. Leachate samples from 3 carcasses were collected using a peristaltic pump once a month for a period of 5 months, and bacterial communities in samples were identified by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
We obtained a total of 110,442 reads from the triplicate samples of various sampling time points (total of 15 samples), and found that the phylum Firmicutes was dominant at most sampling times. Differences in the bacterial communities at the various time points were observed among the triplicate samples. The bacterial communities sampled at 4 months showed the most different compositions. The genera Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter in the phylum Proteobacteria were dominant in all of the samples obtained after 3 months. Bacillaceae, Clostridium, and Clostridiales were found to be predominant after 4 months in the leachate from one carcass, whereas Planococcaceae was found to be a dominant in samples obtained at the first and second months from the other two carcasses. The results showed that potentially pathogenic microbes such as Clostridium derived from bovine leachate could dominate the soil environment of a burial site.
Our results indicated that the composition of bacterial communities in leachates of a decomposing bovine shifted continuously during the experimental period, with significant changes detected after 4 months of burial.
埋葬会带来环境影响，例如分解过程中产生的生物物质污染地下水或地表水。因此，对源自分解牛尸体的渗滤液中的细菌群落进行了调查。
为了解韩牛尸体的分解过程，我们使用体积为5.15立方米的实验室规模反应器模拟埋葬。使用蠕动泵每月从3具尸体中采集一次渗滤液样本，为期5个月，并通过16S rRNA基因焦磷酸测序鉴定样本中的细菌群落。
我们从各个采样时间点的重复样本（共15个样本）中总共获得了110,442条读数，发现厚壁菌门在大多数采样时间占主导地位。在重复样本中观察到不同时间点细菌群落的差异。在4个月时采集的细菌群落显示出最不同的组成。变形菌门中的假单胞菌属和嗜冷杆菌属在3个月后获得的所有样本中占主导地位。在一具尸体的渗滤液中，芽孢杆菌科、梭菌属和梭菌目在4个月后占优势，而在另外两具尸体的第1个月和第2个月获得的样本中，动球菌科占主导地位。结果表明，源自牛渗滤液的潜在致病微生物如梭菌可能在埋葬地点的土壤环境中占主导地位。
我们的结果表明，在实验期间，分解牛渗滤液中细菌群落的组成持续变化，埋葬4个月后检测到显著变化。
