Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
New Phytol. 2019 Oct;224(2):585-604. doi: 10.1111/nph.16088. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that mediates plant responses to developmental and environmental cues. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are key actors of plant signaling that convey calcium signals into physiological responses by phosphorylating various substrates including ion channels, transcription factors and metabolic enzymes. This large diversity of targets confers pivotal roles of CDPKs in shoot and root development, pollen tube growth, stomatal movements, hormonal signaling, transcriptional reprogramming and stress tolerance. On the one hand, specificity in CDPK signaling is achieved by differential calcium sensitivities, expression patterns, subcellular localizations and substrates. On the other hand, CDPKs also target some common substrates to ensure key cellular processes indispensable for plant growth and survival in adverse environmental conditions. In addition, the CDPK-related protein kinases (CRKs) might be closer to some CDPKs than previously anticipated and could contribute to calcium signaling despite their inability to bind calcium. This review highlights the regulatory properties of Arabidopsis CDPKs and CRKs that coordinate their multifaceted functions in development, immunity and abiotic stress responses.
钙是一种普遍存在的第二信使，介导植物对发育和环境线索的反应。钙依赖蛋白激酶（CDPKs）是植物信号转导的关键因子，通过磷酸化各种底物（包括离子通道、转录因子和代谢酶）将钙信号转导为生理反应。这种广泛的靶标赋予 CDPKs 在芽和根发育、花粉管生长、气孔运动、激素信号转导、转录重编程和应激耐受中的关键作用。一方面，CDPK 信号的特异性是通过差异的钙敏感性、表达模式、亚细胞定位和底物来实现的。另一方面，CDPK 还靶向一些共同的底物，以确保关键的细胞过程对于植物在不利环境条件下的生长和生存是必不可少的。此外，CDPK 相关蛋白激酶（CRKs）可能比以前预期的更接近某些 CDPKs，并且尽管它们不能结合钙，但仍能有助于钙信号转导。本综述强调了拟南芥 CDPKs 和 CRKs 的调节特性，它们协调了它们在发育、免疫和非生物胁迫反应中的多方面功能。
