Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, S7N 5A8, SK, Saskatoon, Canada.
Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Phytopathology. 2019 Oct;109(10):1664-1675. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-19-0095-RVW. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major fungal disease affecting wheat production worldwide. Since the early 1990s, FHB, caused primarily by , has become one of the most significant diseases faced by wheat producers in Canada and the United States. The increasing FHB problem is likely due to the increased adoption of conservation tillage practices, expansion of maize production, use of susceptible wheat varieties in rotation, and climate variability. Durum wheat ( sp. ) is notorious for its extreme susceptibility to FHB and breeding for resistance is complicated because sources of FHB resistance are rare in the primary gene pool of tetraploid wheat. Losses due to this disease include yield, test weight, seed quality, food and feed quality, and when severe, market access. More importantly, it is the contamination with mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol, in -infected durum kernels that causes the most serious economic as well as food and feed safety concerns. Several studies and thorough reviews have been published on germplasm development and breeding for FHB resistance and the genetics and genomics of FHB resistance in bread or common wheat (); however, similar reviews have not been conducted in durum wheat. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the recent research efforts to mitigate FHB in durum wheat, including quantitative trait locus mapping, genome-wide association studies, genomic prediction, mutagenesis and characterization of genes and pathways involved in FHB resistance. It also highlights future directions, FHB-resistant germplasm, and the potential role of morphological traits to enhance FHB resistance in durum wheat.
镰刀菌穗腐病（FHB）是一种影响全球小麦生产的主要真菌病害。自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来，主要由 引起的 FHB 已成为加拿大和美国小麦种植者面临的最重要病害之一。FHB 问题日益严重的原因可能是由于保护性耕作实践的广泛采用、玉米产量的扩大、轮作中使用易感小麦品种以及气候变异性。硬粒小麦（ sp.）因其对 FHB 的极端易感性而臭名昭著，并且由于 FHB 抗性的来源在四倍体小麦的主要基因库中很少，因此培育抗性品种变得复杂。该病害导致的损失包括产量、测试重量、种子质量、食品和饲料质量，在严重的情况下，还会导致市场准入受阻。更重要的是，由感染的硬粒小麦中的真菌毒素（如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）引起的污染是最严重的经济以及食品和饲料安全问题。已经发表了几项关于 FHB 抗性的种质开发和育种以及面包或普通小麦（）中 FHB 抗性的遗传学和基因组学的研究和全面综述；然而，在硬粒小麦中尚未进行类似的综述。因此，本综述的目的是总结和讨论减轻硬粒小麦 FHB 的最新研究进展，包括数量性状位点作图、全基因组关联研究、基因组预测、涉及 FHB 抗性的基因和途径的诱变和特征分析。它还强调了未来的方向、FHB 抗性种质资源以及形态特征在增强硬粒小麦 FHB 抗性方面的潜在作用。
